A miniaturized quantum random number generator device based on CMOS

WANG Qibing; WANG Linsong; WANG Yaqi; LI Li; XU Huaxing; WANG Shaohua

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2024.06.009

Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, Volume. 41, Issue 6, 924(2024)

A miniaturized quantum random number generator device based on CMOS

WANG Qibing¹, WANG Linsong^1、*, WANG Yaqi¹, LI Li², XU Huaxing^3,4, and WANG Shaohua^3,4

Author Affiliations

¹QUDOOR Technologies Inc., Beijing 100089, China

²School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China

³National Engineering Research Center for Risk Perception and Prevention, China Academy of Electronics and;Information Technology, Beijing 100041, China

⁴CETC Academy of Electronics and Information Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100041, China

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Figures & Tables(12)

Fig. 1. Number of photons detected in a fixed time interval

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Fig. 2. Composition of noise

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Fig. 3. Structure diagram of the optical collimation module

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Fig. 4. Structure diagram of the light path

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Fig. 5. Schematic diagram based on LED as light source and CMOS detection

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Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of sampling with comparater

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Fig. 7. Distribution of output

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Fig. 8. Output distribution of a single pixel

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Fig. 9. Autocorrelation coefficient of the sequence

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Table 1. Comparison of different schemes for quantum random number generator

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Table 1. Comparison of different schemes for quantum random number generator

不同随机数方案	功耗	优势	缺陷
基于单光子源的方案	需要制冷的单光子探测器, 功耗较大	量子特性显著、装置思路清晰、后处理手段简单	单光子探测器性能限制, 随机数生成速率难以提升
基于相位噪声的方案	需要制冷的光源, 功耗一般	易于测量和分析优化, 速率可达Gbps级	存在相位漂移、成本较高
基于真空涨落的方案	需要制冷的连续强光源, 功耗较大	稳定性较强	量子信号提取较难, 容易受经典噪声影响
基于比较器的 LED+CMOS方案	LED和CMOS工作电流较小,功耗较小	结构简单、成本较低	CMOS 采样速率仍需进一步优化

Table 2. Data parameters collected by different pixels
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Table 2. Data parameters collected by different pixels
Pixel R_max V_ar
1 239 40.60
2 241 40.57
3 246 40.17
4 249 42.19

Table 3. Typical result of NIST statistical test

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Table 3. Typical result of NIST statistical test

Statistical test	p-Value	Proportion
Frequency	0.953089	0.986
Frequency within block	0.278461	0.989
Runs	0.846338	0.993
Longest run	0.201189	0.990
Binary matrix rank test	0.925287	0.992
Discrete Fourier transform	0.645448	0.987
Non-overlapping template	0.655854	0.998
Overlapping template	0.13264	0.990
Maurer	0.439122	0.993
Linear complexity	0.962688	0.991
Serial	0.55646	0.989
Approximate entropy	0.699313	0.991
Cumulative sums	0.271619	0.986
Random excursions	0.021489	0.992
Random excursions variant	0.475587	0.987

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Qibing WANG, Linsong WANG, Yaqi WANG, Li LI, Huaxing XU, Shaohua WANG. A miniaturized quantum random number generator device based on CMOS[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2024, 41(6): 924

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