The course of Applied Optics serves as the cornerstone for majors in optics and optoelectronic information. The conventional pedagogical approach primarily emphasizes in-class instruction, with post-lecture exercises aimed at reinforcing fundamental knowledge points. However, this method offers limited support towards achieving the desired outcome of “solving complex engineering problems” within the engineering certification curriculum system. This paper advocates for a “top-down” teaching model based on engineering project cases, introducing the instructional case of “line scan wide field fundus camera”. It integrates the fundamental principles of each course component into specific optical system modules and key components. Engineering practice cases are utilized to guide the gradual development of each content aspect, fostering students’ adoption of a scientific thinking model. Furthermore, a simulation practice case involving “LiDAR optical transceiver system” is introduced to facilitate practical training in the optical system analysis and design, thereby deepening comprehension of basic principles and enhancing engineering practice proficiency.