Fig. 1. Diagram of aero-optical transmission effect

Fig. 2. Diagram of the sphere vortex model

Fig. 3. Comparison of pressure coefficient on section line

Fig. 4. Cost of the LES of flat-plate boundary-layer flow, performed on an AMD Opteron, in CPU seconds

Fig. 5. Numerical simulation error (Discrete distribution of refractive index). (a) Simulation error of fourth-order Runge-Kutta method; (b) Simulation error of Richardson extrapolation method; (c) Simulation error of Adams linear multistep method

Fig. 6. Calculation diagram of optical transmission of steady-state flow field component

Fig. 7. (a) Phase distributions obtained by wave optical methods; (b) Phase distributions obtained by geometric optical methods; (c) The difference between the results calculated by the two methods

Fig. 8. POD reconstruction of wavefront. (a) Reconstruction results of the first 10 modes; (b) Reconstruction results of the first 148 modes; (c) Reconstruction results of the first 200 modes

Fig. 9. (a) Flat window deformation caused by axial temperature gradient; (b) Flat window deformation caused by radial temperature gradient

Fig. 10. Variation of refractive index at stagnation point of spherical optical fairing’s outside surface with time, under one typical condition. (a) Thermo-optical effect; (b) Elastic-optical effect

Fig. 11. (a) MTF curves at different flight speeds; (b) MTF curves at different thickness of optical dome

Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of different film cooling modes

Fig. 13. Aero-optical and aero-heating effects under different working conditions