Fig. 1. (a) The fabrication procedure. (b) The cross-section SEM image. (c) The cross-section TEM image of 0-3 type LSMO/PZT composite film.

Fig. 2. (a) The XRD spectrum. (b), (c) The MFM image observed after upward and downward magnetizing of the LSMO granule, respectively.

Fig. 3. (a) The ferroelectric hysteresis loop. (b), (c) The amplification of magnetic hysteresis loop for 10 kOe and 0 kOe cooling, respectively. The complete magnetic loop is in the insert.

Fig. 4. (a) The pulse dependence of the bias field. (b), (c) The magnetic core-shell coupling with upward and downward polarization, respectively.

Fig. 5. (a), (b) The current–voltage curve measured after –9 V and +9 V pulse, respectively. (c), (d) The hopping mechanism for upward and downward polarization, respectively.

Fig. 6. The pulse dependence of (a) diode ratio and (b) MR ratio.