Fig. 1. The Aharonov-Bohm effect for both an electron and a photon^{［63，70］}

Fig. 2. Controlling the phase of dynamic modulation to realize effective magnetic field^［40］

Fig. 3. Dynamically modulated photonic resonator lattice systems^［71-74］

Fig. 4. Nonreciprocal edge states in non-Hermitian Floquet insulators^［75］

Fig. 5. Chip-scale Floquet topological insulator used in 5G wireless systems^［83］

Fig. 6. Geometry and band structure of honeycomb photonic Floquet topological insulator lattice^［41］

Fig. 7. Initial platforms of FTPI based on spatial modulation^{［90-95，98-99］}

Fig. 8. Recent platforms of FTPI based on spatial modulation ^{［80-81，100-101］}

Fig. 9. Current platforms of FTPI based on spatial modulation^{［103，105-107，109-112］}

Fig. 10. Developing platforms of FTPI based on spatial modulation ^{［113，115-117］}

Fig. 11. Theoretical model for the realization of edge states in optical toroidal resonant cavity lattices^［42］

Fig. 12. Periodic network model of resonant cavities and waveguide photonic topological insulators^{［43，137］}

Fig. 13. CROW systems based on Floquet-Bloch theory^{［44，175］}

Fig. 14. Experiment-based theoretical advances in Floquet topological optical insulators^{［45，182］}

Fig. 15. Applications of Floquet topological photonic insulators based on coupled resonance ^［46-47］