Fig. 1. Schematic of the IBIL experimental setup for high- and low-temperature applications.

Fig. 2. The Normalized IBIL spectra of ZnO at various fluences at room temperature.

Fig. 3. The Normalized IBIL of the sample with irradiation by 2 MeV H⁺ and annealing at 473 K.

Fig. 4. The Normalized IBIL of the sample with irradiation by 2 MeV H⁺ and annealing at 800 K.

Fig. 5. Evolutions of the luminescence peak intensitiesof NBE with the irradiation fluence at annealingtemperatures of 473 K and 800 K for irradiated samples.

Fig. 6. The Normalized IBIL of the sample with annealing at 473 K in vacuum for 3 h.

Fig. 7. The Normalized IBIL of the sample annealed at 473 K in vacuum for 3 h was irradiated by 2 MeV H⁺, and then was annealed at 800 K in vacuum in vacuum for 3 h.

Fig. 8. Evolutions of the luminescence peak intensities of NBE with the irradiation fluence at annealing temperatures of 473 K for virgin samples and annealing temperature of 800 K for irradiated samples which has been annealed at 473 K.