Carbonation is a complex physical and chemical process, which mainly includes the diffusion and dissolution of CO2 in cement concrete and the reaction with carbonizable substances, which eventually leads to the decrease of alkalinity of cement concrete and the corrosion of steel bars, which significantly affects its durability. Calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) has the characteristics of fast hardening, high early strength and excellent sulfate corrosion resistance. However, its poor carbonation resistance can easily lead to the change of chemical composition of hydrates and the deterioration of microstructure, which will seriously endanger the normal service of infrastructure. Therefore, it is of great engineering and scientific significance to clarify the factors affecting CSA carbonization and reveal the mechanism of CSA carbonization. Firstly, starting from the hydration products of CSA, this paper introduces the carbonation mechanism of calcium trisulphoaluminate hydrate (AFt), calcium monosulfoaluminate hydrate (AFm) and calcium silicate hydrate ( C-S-H). Secondly, the influences of material factors on the carbonation resistance of CSA are analyzed. Finally, the effect of CO2 mineralization curing on the performance of CSA is reviewed, and the shortcomings of current CSA carbonization research are summarized, and suggestions for further research on methods of improving the carbonization resistance of CSA and the utilization of carbonization are put forward.