Underwater bubbles recognition based on PCA feature extraction and elastic BP neural network

Yinbo Zhang; Sining Li; Peng Jiang; Jianfeng Sun

doi:10.3788/IRLA20200352

Infrared and Laser Engineering, Volume. 50, Issue 6, 20200352(2021)

Underwater bubbles recognition based on PCA feature extraction and elastic BP neural network

Yinbo Zhang¹, Sining Li¹, Peng Jiang², and Jianfeng Sun^1,3

¹National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Institute of Opto-Electronic, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

²Science and Technology on Complex System Control and Intelligent Agent Cooperation Laboratory, Beijing 100074, China

³Harbin Institute of Technology (Beijing) Industrial Technology Innovation Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 101312, China

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Figures & Tables(10)

Fig. 1. Experimental device for data acquisition of underwater bubbles; (b) Photo of the underwater lidar system (inside the metal box); (c) The laser runs through the bubbles without background light; (d) Air pump (voltage: 220 V, frequency: 50 Hz, power: 60 W, transmission volume: 50 L/min); (e) Bubbles plate (the diameter of the air bubbles is about 10-200 μm); (f) Valve: control airflow

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Fig. 2. Echo signals of bubbles

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Fig. 3. Score distribution of the first two principal components

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Fig. 4. Iterative convergence of different algorithms. (a) Elastic BP algorithm; (b) Adaptive and additional momentum BP algorithm

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Fig. 5. Underwater bubbles recognition process based on PCA and elastic BP neural network

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Fig. 6. Echo signals and recognition results under different conditions. (a) Different targets echo curves; (b) Low density bubbles recognition rate; (c) High density bubbles recognition rate

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Table 1. System parameters
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Table 1. System parameters
Parameter Value Parameter Value
Wavelength/nm 532 Receiving diameter/mm 80
Pulse width/ns 10 Emission diameter/mm 20
Pulse energy/mJ 10 Emission angle/mrad 1.7
Center distance/mm 100 Receiving angle/mrad 2.5

Table 2. Training of different hidden nodes
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Table 2. Training of different hidden nodes
Number of hidden nodes Training times Convergence time/s
3 1451.71 3.43
6 1079.43 2.29
9 685.86 1.43
12 653.86 1.43

Table 3. Recognition results under different cumulative contribution rates

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Table 3. Recognition results under different cumulative contribution rates

Number of eigenvalues	2			11			28
Cumulative contribution rate	39.7%			71.2%			90.6%
No bubbles(correct)	200	200	200	199	200	198	198	195	199
Bubbles(correct)	200	199	198	199	200	200	198	198	198
Glass plate(correct)	196	197	194	198	196	199	198	195	193
Recognition rate	99.3%	99.3%	98.7%	99.3%	99.3%	99.5%	99.0%	98.0%	99.0%
Average recognition rate	99.1%			99.4%			98.7%

Table 4. Recognition and contrast results of different algorithms

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Table 4. Recognition and contrast results of different algorithms

Method	Recognition rate	Time(training+ recognition)/s
Adaptive and additional momentum BP	98.3%	48.94
PCA+Adaptive and additional momentum BP	96.6%	10.15
Elastic BP	98.8%	1.60
PCA+elastic BP	99.1%	1.36

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Yinbo Zhang, Sining Li, Peng Jiang, Jianfeng Sun. Underwater bubbles recognition based on PCA feature extraction and elastic BP neural network[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2021, 50(6): 20200352

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