Fig. 1. Head pose. (a) Flow chart of head pose estimation; (b) world and intrinsic coordinate system

Fig. 2. Estimate the angle α.(a) (b) Detect nose tip O and nose bridge B; (c) calculate the angle α between xy plane and b axis

Fig. 3. Estimate the yaw angle. (a) (b) Search the equidistant points from the nose tip on both side of the nose; (c) horizontal cross flat through the nose tip

Fig. 4. Deep image of side face

Fig. 5. Experiment image. (a) Experimental system; (b) light path

Fig. 6. Flowchart of human face 3D reconstruction

Fig. 7. Measurement error of head pose estimation. (a) Yaw angle mean absolute error; (b) pitch angle mean absolute error; (c) roll angle mean absolute error