Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 51, Issue 9, 0907006(2024)
Research Progress on Epidemic Virus Detection Based on Surface‑Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of virus detection based on SERS technology
Fig. 2. SERS sensors and platforms are designed in a variety of diverse ways for label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2. (a) Schematic diagram of the design and operation process of the COVID-19 SERS sensor[36]; (b) flexible substrate combined with SERS metal-insulator-metal nanostructures and machine learning-based label-free detection platform[42]; (c) schematic diagram of SnS2 microsphere substrates design[44]; (d) Raman enhancement mechanism of Cu2O nanoarray with significant enhancement factor[45]
Fig. 3. Machine learning techniques are applied to SARS-CoV-2 label-free detection. (a) Identification of pure S protein standard samples by SERS spectroscopy using PCA[47]; (b) SERS biosensors are engineered with 3D porous Ag nanoparticle-based microplasma-engineered nanoassemblies (denoted as AgMEN) deposited on cellulose paper (left) and functionalized with antibodies (AgMEN@Ab)(center part) to detect the corresponding antigens by analyzing the SERS response (right)[48]
Fig. 4. Application of SERS nanoprobes in label detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2. (a) Schematic of the SERS assay based on one-step aptamer recognition for rapid point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus within 5 min[51]; (b) stepwise reactions of RBD probe for SARS-CoV-2 capture and detection with SERS nanotags, for virus and variant identification based on the average Raman spectrum results[54]
Fig. 5. Application of SERS label detection method for the detection of RNA and proteins from SARS-CoV-2 virus lysates.(a) Schematic illustrations of the preparation of SERS tags and the signal amplification strategy for SERS detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA[55]; (b) preparation of Au@4MBN@Ag NPs and fabrication of two-dimensional SERS sensing chip for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection[56]; (c) schematic illustration of the quantitative evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 using the SERS-based aptasensor[57]
Fig. 8. SERS labeling method applied to the detection and differentiation of multiple respiratory viruses. (a) Working principle of dual aptamer-immobilized Au nanopopcorn substrate for virus assays[69]; (b) collection of throat swab sample and operating procedure for the simultaneous quantitative detection of three respiratory viruses via the Fe3O4@Au-based SERS LFA strip[70]
Fig. 10. SERS technology applied to the detection of dengue virus (DENV). (a) Schematic of platform for DENV2 NS1 detection in a single infected mosquito sample with the integration of nanoyeast scFvs affinity probes and nanobox-based SERS nanotags[83]; (b) schematic illustration of SERS assay of DENV gene via a cascade enzyme-free signal amplification strategy of LCHA and HCR[84]
Fig. 11. SERS technology used for the detection of DNA viruses such as hepatitis B virus(HBV) and monkeypox virus(MPXV).(a) Schematic illustration showing the integration of a microfluidic device with the SERS-active substrate based on Au-Ag coated GaN surface[92]; (b) schematic diagram of CRISPR/Cas12a-SERS principle analysis[93]; (c) the principle of MPXV detection by colorimetric-SERS dual-mode ICA[97]
Fig. 12. CRISPR/Cas-SERS platform applied to the detection of viral genetic material. (a) Schematic diagram of the gene detection by using the CRISPR/dCas9-based SERS method, assisted with HRP-Catalyzed signal amplification[111]; (b) schematic diagram of the proposed CRISPR/Cas12a-SERS platform for amplification-free ASFV dsDNA detection[112]
Fig. 13. Portable Raman spectrometer devices applied to SERS virus detection schemes. (a) Schematic illustration of SERS based immunoassay platform(with a portable Raman spectrometer)[115]; (b) schematic diagram of the detection of influenza A virus H1N1 by SERS and gold electrodeposition nanostructure[116]; (c) schematic diagram of a SERS detection method based on one-step aptamer identification using a portable Raman spectrometer for rapid and point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus in less than 5 minutes[51]
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Yi Liu, Nan Wang, Shaohua He, Jun Zhang, Shangyuan Feng, Duo Lin. Research Progress on Epidemic Virus Detection Based on Surface‑Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(9): 0907006
Category: biomedical photonics and laser medicine
Received: Dec. 29, 2023
Accepted: Feb. 19, 2024
Published Online: Apr. 26, 2024
The Author Email: Lin Duo (duo@fjnu.edu.cn)