Research development on Tm3+/ Ho3+ ions doped mid-infrared ultrafast lasers (Invited)

Jiajia Mao; Ping Hu; Xue Zhou; Huahang Wang; Hongkun Nie; Bingzheng Yan; Ruihua Wang; Baitao Zhang; Tao Li; Kejian Yang; Jingliang He

doi:10.3788/IRLA20210436

Infrared and Laser Engineering, Volume. 50, Issue 8, 20210436(2021)

Research development on Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ ions doped mid-infrared ultrafast lasers (Invited)

Jiajia Mao¹, Ping Hu², Xue Zhou¹, Huahang Wang¹, Hongkun Nie¹, Bingzheng Yan¹, Ruihua Wang¹, Baitao Zhang^1,2, Tao Li^1,2, Kejian Yang^1,2,3、*, and Jingliang He^1,2、*

Author Affiliations

¹Institute of Novel Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

²Key Laboratory of Laser & Infrared System, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China

³Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China

show less

Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

Figures & Tables(15)

Fig. 1. AOM mode-locked Tm,Ho:BaYF laser^[9]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 2. AOM mode-locked Ho:YAG laser^[11]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 3. Cavity configuration of Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho:YAG thin-disk laser^[110]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 4. Cavity configuration of 4-mirrors folded Kerr-lens mode-locked Tm:Sc₂O₃ laser^[113]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 5. (a) Gain cross section of Tm:MgWO₄; (b) Scheme of the mode-locked Tm:MgWO₄ laser^[84]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 6. Scheme of the mode-locked Tm:LuScO mixed ceramic laser and extra-cavity pulse shortening^[49]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 7. Passively mode-locked laser oscillator based on thulium-doped ZBLAN fibers and extra-cavity pulse shortening^[127]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 8. Ho:YAG regenerative amplifier^[143]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 9. (a) Ho:YLF amplification system；(b) Long term stability of amplified pulse energy^[145]

Download full size

View in Article

Fig. 10. Structure of Ho:YLF multi-pass amplifier^[146]

Download full size

View in Article

Table 1. Development on the actively mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

View table

View in Article

Table 1. Development on the actively mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

Doped ions	Material type	Gain materials	Pump sourse	Saturable absorber	Repetition rate/MHz	Pulse duration/ ps	Wavelength/ nm	Output power	Pulse energy/nJ	Year	Ref.
Tm³⁺	Solid	Tm:YAG	786.5 nm Ti: sapphire laser	AO	300	35	2 010	70 mW	0.23	1991	[8]
	Solid	Tm:YLF	793 nm LD	AO	149.3	170	1 910	2.6 W	17.4	2015	[16]
	Fiber	TDF	792 nm LD	AO	37.88	38	1 978	11.8 W	314	2011	[10]
		TDF	792 nm LD	AO	0.06	-	-	5 W	~8000	2012	[17]
		TDF	1.57 μm laser	EO	11.884/ 12.099	816/ 446	1 950	14.3 mW	~0.0012	2013	[18]
		TDF	1550 nm fiber laser	EO	21.4	58	1 980	~10 mW	-	2014	[19]
		TDF	LD	AO	66	200	1 950-2130	53 W	800	2015	[20]
		TDF	1.55 μm laser	EO	40000	1.29	2053	-	-	2017	[21]
Ho³⁺	Solid	Ho:YLF	1940 nm Tm: fiber laser	AO	81.36	290	2 050	4 W	49	2013	[22]
		Ho:YAG	1.9 μm Tm: YLF laser	AO	82.76	102	2097	1.04 W	12.57	2015	[11]
		Ho:LuAG	1910 nm Tm: fiber laser	AO	82.48	333.4	2 010	2.7 W	32.7	2015	[12]
		Ho:YAG	1.9 μm Tm: fiber laser	AO	81.92	294	2 022	3.41 W	41.6	2016	[23]
		Ho:LuVO₄	1940 nm Tm: fiber laser	AO	82.7	363.3	2073.8	3.04 W	36.8	2016	[13]
		Ho:YAG ceramic	1910 nm Tm: fiber laser	AO	82.15	241.5	2122.1	1.84 mW	0.022	2016	[14]
		Ho:Sc₂SiO₅	1940 nm Tm: fiber laser	AO	81.88	282.4	2112.1	2.72 W	33.2	2018	[24]
Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺	Solid	Tm,Ho: BaYF	780 nm LD	AO	100	97	2066	20 mW	0.2	2003	[9]
Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺	Fiber	THDF	1570 nm LD	EO	2200	200	1 907-1 927	-	-	2018	[15]
注：TDF: Tm-doped fiber，Tm³⁺掺杂光纤；THDF: Tm-Ho co-doped fiber，Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺共掺光纤

Table 2. Development on the SESAM mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

View table

View in Article

Table 2. Development on the SESAM mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

Doped ions	Material type	Gain materials	Pump sourse	Saturable absorber	Repetition rate/MHz	Pulse duration/fs	Waveleng-th/nm	Output power/mW	Pulse energy/nJ	Year	Ref.
注：HDF: Ho-doped fiber，Ho³⁺掺杂光纤
Tm³⁺	Solid	Tm:GPNG	792 nm Ti: sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	222	410	1 997	84	0.38	2010	[39]
		Tm:KYW	801 nm Ti: sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	105	386	2 030	235	2.24	2011	[40]
		Tm:Sc₂O₃	796 nm Ti:sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	124.3	218	2107	325	2.6	2012	[41]
		Tm:Lu₂O₃ ceramic	796 nm Ti:sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	121.2	180	2076	400	3.3	2012	[42]
		Tm:LuYSiO₅	Ti:sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	100	19600	1944.3	64.5	0.645	2012	[43]
		Tm:YAG ceramic	785 nm Ti:sapphire laser	InGaAs-SESAM	88.9	6300	2 012	125	1.4	2013	[44]
		Tm:LuAG	789 nm LD	InGaAs-SESAM	129.2	38000	2 022	1210	9.37	2015	[45]
		Tm:CaYAlO₄	790 nm LD	SESAM	145.4	35300	1958.9 & 1960.6	830	5.7	2015	[46]
		Tm:YAG ceramic	786 nm Ti:sapphire laser	GaAs-SESAM	89	3000	2 012	150	1.68	2015	[47]
		Tm:LuAG ceramic	787 nm Ti:sapphire laser	GaSb-SESAM	92	2700	2 022	232	2.52	2017	[48]
		Tm LuScO ceramic	795 nm Ti:sapphire laser	GaAsSb-SESAM	78.9	63	2057	175	2.22	2018	[49]
		Tm:YLF	793 nm LD	GaAs-SESAM	94	31000	1 909	95	1.01	2018	[50]
		Tm:LuYO₃ ceramic	795 nm Ti:sapphire laser	GaSb-SESAM	78	54	2040.5	51	0.65	2020	[32]
		Tm:YAG	790 nm LD	GaAs-SESAM	97.7	47900	2 012	117	1.2	2020	[51]
		Tm:CaF₂	792 nm LD	SESAM	96.35	>1500	1886.8	132	1.37	2020	[52]
	Fiber	TDF	783 nm Ti: sapphire laser	InGaAs-SESAM	50	190	1 900	-	0.02	1996	[26]
		TDF	793 nm LD	SESAM	39.8	815000	1978	150	3.8	2012	[53]
		TDF	-	SESAM	52.6	230	1 860- 1 930	106	2	2012	[54]
		TDF	1550 nm fiber laser	SESAM	108	712	1 945	70	0.65	2015	[55]
		TDF	1.59 μm Er,Yb:fiber laser	SESAM	535	7900	1 938	50	0.09	2016	[56]
		TDF	793 nm LD	SESAM	1600	7200	1959.7	4.5	0.003	2018	[57]
Ho³⁺	Solid	Ho:YLiF₄	1 940 nm Tm: fiber laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	122	1100	2064	580	4.75	2011	[38]
	Solid	Ho:YAG ceramic	1908nm Tm:fiber laser	GaSb-SESAM	82.1	2100	2064	230	2.8	2016	[58]
	Fiber	HDF	1150 nm LD	SESAM	7.8	2230	2094	28	3.7	2016	[59]
Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺		Tm,Ho:KY(WO₄)₂	802 nm Ti: sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	132	3300	2057	315	2.38	2009	[28]
	Solid	Tm,Ho:TZN	792 nm Ti: sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	143	630	2 012	38	0.27	2010	[39]
		Tm,Ho:KY(WO₄)₂	802 nm Ti: sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	118	570	2055	130	1.1	2010	[60]
		Tm,Ho:NaY(WO₄)₂	795 nm Ti: sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	144	191	2058	82	0.57	2010	[29]
		Tm,Ho:YAP	791 nm Ti:sapphire laser	InGaAs-SESAM	107	40400	2064.5	132	1.23	2013	[61]
		Tm,Ho:YAG	726-859 nm Ti:sapphire laser	GaSb-SESAM	106.9	21300	2091	63	0.59	2013	[31]
		Tm,Ho:KLu(WO₄)₂	802 nm Ti:sapphire laser	InGaSb-SESAM	93	7200	2058	155	1.67	2015	[62]
		Tm,Ho:CaYAlO₄	795 nm Ti:sapphire laser	InGaAsSb-SESAM	80.45	87	2024.6	27	0.34	2018	[63]
		Tm,Ho:CNGG	-	GaSb-SESAM	89.3	73	2061	36	0.4	2020	[64]
		Tm,Ho:LiLuF₄	Ti:sapphire laser	GaAs-SESAM	98.04	12000	1895	350	3.51	2020	[65]
	Fiber	THDF	-	InGaSb -SESAM	50	750	1 972	20	0.4	2007	[66]
		THDF	799 nm LD	InGaSb-SESAM	24.4	1100	2060	10	0.4	2011	[67]
		THDF	1.56 μm LD	SESAM	38.75	600	1 980	15	0.4	2011	[68]

Table 3. Development on the ultrafast Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers based on the low-dimension nanomaterial saturable absorber mode-locking

View table

View in Article

Table 3. Development on the ultrafast Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers based on the low-dimension nanomaterial saturable absorber mode-locking

Doped ions	Material type	Gain materials	Pump sourse	Saturable absorber	Repetition rate/MHz	Pulse duration/fs	Wavelength/nm	Output power/mW	Pulse energy/nJ	Year	Ref.
Tm³⁺	Solid	Tm:YAP	795 nm LD	Graphene	71.8	~10000	2 023	268	3.7	2011	[70]
		Tm:YLF	Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	-	19000	1 888	55	-	2011	[79]
		Tm:Lu₂O₃	798 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	88	175	2070	36	0.41	2012	[80]
		Tm:KLuW	802 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	88	141	2 037	26	0.3	2012	[81]
		Tm:CLNGG	790 nm LD	Graphene	98.7	729	2 018	60.2	0.61	2012	[72]
		Tm:YAP	800 nm Ti:sapphire laser	Graphene	71.8	10000	2 023	268	3.7	2012	[82]
		Tm:Lu₂O₃	796 nm Ti:sapphire laser	Graphene	110	410	2067	270	0.13	2013	[83]
		Tm:YAG ceramic	790 nm LD	Graphene	98.7	2800	2 016	158	0.08	2015	[73]
		Tm:MgWO₄	796 nm Ti:sapphire laser	Graphene	87	86	2 017	96	1.1	2017	[84]
		Tm:CNNGG	785 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	90	84	2 018	22	0.24	2018	[85]
		Tm:CLNGG	785 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	86	78	2 017	54	0.63	2018	[86]
		Tm:LuYO₃	795 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	72.6	57	2 045	63	0.87	2019	[87]
		Tm:YAG	792 nm LD	MoS₂	232.2	280000	2 011 & 2 017	200	0.86	2020	[88]
	Fiber	TDF	1.57 μm Er fiber laser	SWCNT	37	1320	1 930	3.4	0.09	2008	[69]
		TDF	1.57 μm Er fiber laser	SWCNT	45	750	1 885	25	0.5	2009	[89]
		TDF	790 nm LD	Graphene	3.17	-	2 007	1.8	0.56	2012	[71]
		TDF	-	Graphene	6.46	3600	1 940	2	0.4	2012	[90]
		TDF	Er fiber laser	Graphene	506	58	-	-	1	2012	[91]
		TDF	1.56 μm Er fiber laser	SWCNT	6.71	2300	1 947	3	0.45	2013	[92]
		TDF	1.57 μm Er,Yb:fiber laser	Graphene	20.5	1200	1 884	1.35	0.06	2013	[93]
Tm³⁺	Fiber	TDF	1.55 μm Er fiber laser	Graphene	16.93	2100	1953.3	1.41	0.08	2013	[94]
		TDF	1.55 μm Er,Yb:fiber laser	MoS₂	9.67	843000	1 905	150	15.5	2015	[77]
		TDF	1568 nm LD	BP	36.8	739	1 910	1.5	0.0407	2015	[78]
		TDF	1.57 μm Er fiber laser	CNT	25.76	152	1 972	4.85	0.19	2016	[95]
		TDF	1.56 μm Er fiber laser	Graphene	19.31	773	1 910	115	6	2016	[74]
		TDF	1.56 μm LD	TIs-Sb₂Te₃	39.5	890	1 945	1.2	0.03	2016	[76]
		TDF	1.56 μm Er,Yb:fiber laser	Graphene	58.87	205	1 945	13	0.22	2017	[96]
		TDF	1.55 μm LD	WTe₂	18.72	1250	1915.5	39.9	2.13	2017	[97]
		TDF	1.55 μm LD	MoTe₂	15.37	1300	1934.85	212	13.8	2018	[98]
		TDF	1.55 μm LD	SWCNT	21.4	211	-	36	1.68	2019	[99]
		TDF	1.55 μm LD	CNT	-	910-6430	1733-2 033	-	-	2019	[100]
Ho³⁺	Fiber	HDF	1 940 nm Tm fiber laser	BP	29.1	1300	2094	11	0.379	2017	[101]
		HDF	1 940 nm Tm fiber laser	Graphene	21.13	190	2060	54	2.55	2018	[102]
		HDF	Tm fiber laser	CNT	22.13	212	2080	84	3.79	2019	[103]
Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺	Solid	Tm, Ho:KLu(WO₄)₂	802 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	91	2800	2060	97	1.07	2014	[104]
		Tm,Ho:CNGG	786 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	102	76	2081	67	0.66	2018	[105]
		Tm,Ho:CLNGG	796 nm Ti:sapphire laser	SWCNT	99.28	67	2083	-	-	2019	[106]
	Fiber	THDF	1.55 μm LD	TIs-Bi₂Te₃	27.9	795	1 935	1	-	2014	[75]
		THDF	1570 nm fiber laser	TIs-Bi₂Te₃	21.5	1260	1909.5	-	-	2015	[107]
		THDF	1.55 μm LD	WS₂	34.8	1300	1 941	0.6	0.017	2015	[108]
		THDF	1566 nm LD	VSe₂	11.6	1400	1 912	-	-	2021	[109]

Table 4. Development on the mode-locked Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺ doped ultrafast 2 μm lasers based on artificial SA nonlinear optical effects

View table

View in Article

Table 4. Development on the mode-locked Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺ doped ultrafast 2 μm lasers based on artificial SA nonlinear optical effects

Doped ions	Material type	Gain materials	Pump sourse	Artificial SA	Repetition rate/MHz	Pulse duration/fs	Wavelength/nm	Output power/mW	Pulse energy/nJ	Year	Ref.
注：SA: Saturable absorber，可饱和吸收体；TD: Thin disk，薄片；MOPA: Master oscillator power-amplifier，主振荡功率放大；TDFL: Tm-doped fiber laser，Tm³⁺掺杂光纤激光器；EYDFL: Er-Yb co-doped fiber laser，Er³⁺/Yb³⁺离子共掺光纤激光器
Tm³⁺	Solid	Tm:YLF	780 nm Ti:sapphire laser	Kerr-lens	41.5	514	2303	14.4	0.35	2017	[111]
		Tm:Sc₂O₃	1.59 μm Er,Yb:fiber laser	Kerr-lens	93.8	72	2108	130	1.38	2020	[113]
		Tm:Lu₂O₃ & Tm:Sc₂O₃	1611 nm Er:Yb MOPA	Kerr-lens	93.3	41	2094	42	0.45	2021	[114]
Ho³⁺	Solid	Ho:YAG TD	1.908 µm TDFL	Kerr-lens	77	270	2090	28000	363	2017	[110]
Tm³⁺	Fiber	TDF	783 nm Ti:sapphire laser	NPR	-	350-500	1798-1 902	0.24	13.74	1995	[115]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NPR	41.4	173	1 974	167	4	2008	[119]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NPR	41.4	1200	1 976	178	4.3	2008	[120]
		TDF	1.5 μm Er fiber laser	NPR	9.78	770	1 982	1.5	0.15	2011	[121]
		TDF	1575 nm laser	NPR & SAM	19.7	482	1 927	13.2	0.67	2012	[122]
		TDF	1575 nm Er fiber laser	NPR	45.42	119	1 912	7.8	0.17	2012	[123]
		TDF	1561 nm Er fiber laser	NPR	6.37	-	1942.2	110	17.3	2013	[124]
		TDF	1550 nm Er fiber laser	NPR & SAM	22.9	200	1 950	16	0.7	2014	[125]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NPR	1.902	2200	1992.7	0.142	0.0746	2014	[126]
		TDF	793 nm Ti:sapphire laser	NPR	67.5	45	1 880	13	0.19	2014	[127]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NPR	2.68	3100	1 862	3	1.12	2015	[128]
		TDF	1569 nm Er fiber laser	NPR	20-30	130	-	-	7.6	2015	[129]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NPR	6.32	406	2003.2	-	12.342	2016	[130]
		TDF	1550 nm Er fiber laser	NPR	11.6	350	1 890	90	7.8	2017	[131]
		TDF	-	NPR	-	142.8	1 950	370	31	2018	[132]
		TDF	1610 nm EYDFL	NPR	10.62	534	1 988	189	17.8	2019	[133]
Ho³⁺	Fiber	HDF	1 950 nm Tm fiber laser	NPR & SAM	65	920	2 040-2070	-	0.8	2017	[116]
Ho³⁺	Fiber	HDF	1 950 nm fiber laser	NPR	13.2	370000	2133	68.6	5.2	2018	[134]
Tm³⁺	Fiber	TDF	1570 nm fiber laser	NLMMI	19.82	1400	1 888	-	-	2017	[117]
Tm³⁺	Fiber	TDF	786 nm laser	NALM	4.75	682	-	41	8.75	2012	[135]
		TDF	786 nm LD	NALM	10.4	1500	2 034	0.66	0.063	2013	[136]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NOLM	1.514	341	2 017	377.3	249.32	2014	[137]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NALM	9.1	460	1 990	301	32.72	2015	[138]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NPR & NOLM	2.66	258	2 007	112	42.11	2017	[139]
		TDF	793 nm LD	NOLM	2.85	384	1988.8	720	252.6	2020	[118]
		TDF	1550 nm Er fiber laser	NALM	3.228	317	1946.4	32800	10100	2021	[140]
Ho³⁺	Fiber	HDF	1.9 μm TDFL	NAbLM	7.765	-	2058	-	-	2020	[141]
Ho³⁺	Fiber	HDF	Tm laser	NALM	41.7	-	2 050	4	0.095	2020	[142]

Table 5. Development of Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm ultrafast laser amplification techniques

View table

View in Article

Table 5. Development of Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm ultrafast laser amplification techniques

Doped ions	Material type	Gain materials	Repetition rate/kHz	Pulse duration/ps	Pulse energy/mJ	Cooling type	Year	Ref.
Tm³⁺	Solid	Tm:YAP	1	0.38	0.7	-	2015	[148]
Tm³⁺	Solid	Tm:YAP	1	0.36	0.015	TEC	2018	[149]
Ho³⁺	Solid	Ho:YAG	5	0.44	3	Water cooling	2013	[143]
		Ho:YLF	10	300	11	TEC	2013	[150]
		Ho:YLF	10	50	1.1	Water cooling	2015	[151]
		Ho:YLF	1/0.01	1.9	6.9/13	TEC	2015	[144]
		Ho:YLF	100	10	39	Liquid nitrogen	2015	[152]
		Ho:YLF	1	37	34	Water cooling	2015	[145]
		Ho:YLF	0.7	-	16	Water cooling	2016	[153]
		Ho:YLF	10/500	8.3/5.5	0.145/0.0112	TEC	2018	[146]
		Ho:YLF	10	6.3	0.1	TEC	2018	[154]
		Ho:YLF	1	2.4	52.5	Water cooling	2020	[147]
		Ho:YLF	1	6.8	28	Water cooling	2020	[155]
		Ho:YAG	10	3.2	1.6	-	2021	[156]

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Jiajia Mao, Ping Hu, Xue Zhou, Huahang Wang, Hongkun Nie, Bingzheng Yan, Ruihua Wang, Baitao Zhang, Tao Li, Kejian Yang, Jingliang He. Research development on Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ ions doped mid-infrared ultrafast lasers (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2021, 50(8): 20210436

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category:

Received: Jun. 28, 2021

Accepted: --

Published Online: Nov. 2, 2021

The Author Email: Yang Kejian (k.j.yang@sdu.edu.cn), He Jingliang (jlhe@sdu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/IRLA20210436

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Development on the actively mode-locked Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 1. Development on the actively mode-locked Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 2. Development on the SESAM mode-locked Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 2. Development on the SESAM mode-locked Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 3. Development on the ultrafast Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm lasers based on the low-dimension nanomaterial saturable absorber mode-locking

Table 3. Development on the ultrafast Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm lasers based on the low-dimension nanomaterial saturable absorber mode-locking

Table 4. Development on the mode-locked Tm3+/Ho3+ doped ultrafast 2 μm lasers based on artificial SA nonlinear optical effects

Table 4. Development on the mode-locked Tm3+/Ho3+ doped ultrafast 2 μm lasers based on artificial SA nonlinear optical effects

Table 5. Development of Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm ultrafast laser amplification techniques

Table 5. Development of Tm3+/ Ho3+ doped 2 μm ultrafast laser amplification techniques

Table 1. Development on the actively mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 1. Development on the actively mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 2. Development on the SESAM mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 2. Development on the SESAM mode-locked Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers

Table 3. Development on the ultrafast Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers based on the low-dimension nanomaterial saturable absorber mode-locking

Table 3. Development on the ultrafast Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm lasers based on the low-dimension nanomaterial saturable absorber mode-locking

Table 4. Development on the mode-locked Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺ doped ultrafast 2 μm lasers based on artificial SA nonlinear optical effects

Table 4. Development on the mode-locked Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺ doped ultrafast 2 μm lasers based on artificial SA nonlinear optical effects

Table 5. Development of Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm ultrafast laser amplification techniques

Table 5. Development of Tm³⁺/ Ho³⁺ doped 2 μm ultrafast laser amplification techniques