Journal of Inorganic Materials, Volume. 38, Issue 1, 3(2023)
Figures & Tables(20)
![Classification (a, c), symptoms (b) and structure (c) of coronavirus[16]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
2. Classification (a, c), symptoms (b) and structure (c) of coronavirus[16]
3. Scheme of the lab-on-a-chip genosensor for SARS- CoV-2 virus detection[35]
5. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on CRISPR-Cas12 combined with lateral flow technique[44]
9. Schematic diagram of operation procedure of COVID-19 SERS sensor[8]
10. Application of SnS2 microspheres for diagnosing the infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2[80]
11. Schematic diagram of nano-plasma optic sensor for detection of SARS-CoV-2[89]
12. SARS-CoV-2 detection based on 5G-enabled fluorescence biosensor[100]
13. Magnetic beads-based electrochemical assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection in untreated saliva[126]
14. Principle of the proposed electrochemical biosensor for sensitive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA[136]
15. Schematic diagram of rapid direct identification of SARS-CoV-2 using PMO-functionalized G-FET nano-sensors[148]
16. Schematic diagram of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA based on magnetic particle spectroscopy biosensors[166]
17. Detection process of SARS-CoV-2 of the magnetic relaxation switches assay with ULF NMR[169]
18. Schematic diagram of the detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on colorimetric biosensors[187]
Table 1. Comparison of conventional detection methods for SARS-CoV-2
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Comparison of conventional detection methods for SARS-CoV-2
Object sample Characteristic Detection technology Advantage Disadvantage RNA 1. Target: the gene sequences of SARS-CoV-2 2. Great producibility 3. Long detection period 4. Possibility of being contaminated and false positive result Whole genome sequencing 1. High accuracy and sensitivity 2. Reflecting genetic information of pathogen comprehensively 1. Expensive special instruments 2. Relying on professionals 3. Difficulty in detection on a large scale RT-qPCR 1. High sensitivity and specificity 2. Low cost 1. Long amplification time 2. High requirements of equipment 3. Complex operation LAMP 1. Isothermal reaction 2. High efficiency and speed 3. High sensitivity and visualization 1. Complex design of primer 2. Low specificity Microfluidic chip 1. Multiple detection of pathogens 2. Integration of sample preparation and detection 3. Ability in automate analysis Difficulty in chip design, material selection, processing, packaging, and storage ddPCR 1. High sensitivity and lowest limitation of detection 2. Facilitation and high degree of automation 3. Quantitative detection 1. Small reaction volume 2. Expensive equipment and reagents CRISPR 1. High speed and low cost 2. High sensitivity 3. Strong system stability 4. On-site detection The accuracy of detection needs to be verified Antibodies 1. Target: human antibodies stimulated by SARS-CoV-2 2. Easy sample collection and low detection threshold 3. Simple operation and high throughput 4. Limitation of timeframe 5. Lower sensitivity and specificity than those of nucleic acid detection ELISA 1. Low difficulty of standardization of carrier 2. High sensitivity and specificity 3. Simple equipment 1. Long detection time and cumbersome steps 2. Limited single detection throughout LFIA (Colloidal gold method) 1. On-site detection caused by easy operation 2. High sensitivity and speed 3. Low cost 4. Mass production 1. Only qualitative analysis 2. Different reproducibility of different batches of products CLIA 1. High sensitivity and specificity 2. High throughput detection and high degree of automation 1. Special instrument 2. High detection cost Antigen 1. Target: SARS-CoV-2 antigen 2. Simple and fast operation LFIA (Colloidal gold method) 1. Fast and facile operation 2. Visualization 3. On-site detection and large-scale population screening Low sensitivity
Table 2. Comparison of novel biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Comparison of novel biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection
Detection technology Detection method Object Sample Related material Detection time Lower detection limit Ref. SERS-based biosensors Labelled-SERS S protein Lysis solution Macro/nanostructure Au substrate 15 min 10 PFU/mL [ 73 ]Label-free SERS Virus particles Nasal/throat solution Macro/nanostructure Au substrate, Au nanoparticles 15 min 60 copies/mL [ 72 ]SPR-based biosensors Combining SPR and LSPR Pseudovirus particles N/A Macro/nanostructure Au substrate, Au nanoparticles 15 min 370 vp/mL [ 89 ]Fluorescence biosensors “signal on” mode RNA Lysis solution N/A 15 samples/ 45 min 600 copies/mL [ 102 ]Electrochemical biosensors Voltammetric/ amperometric biosensors RNA Nasal/throat solution Au nanoparticles 5 min 6900 copies/mL [ 128 ]Impedimetric biosensors Antibodies Serum Au nanoparticles 30 min N/A [ 135 ]Potentiometric biosensors Cholinesterase Blood Graphene and copper ~7 s (only detection time) 7.9 × 10-8 mol/L [ 139 ]FET-based biosensors RNA Nasal/throat solution Graphene 1 min (only detection time) 10-20 copies/mL [ 150 ]Magnetic biosensors Magnetoresistance Antibodies Blood Magnetic nanoparticles 10 min 5-10 ng/mL [ 162 ]Magnetic particle spectroscopy platforms S protein and N protein PBS Magnetic nanoparticles N/A 1.56 nmol/L [ 165 ]Nuclear magnetic resonance Antibodies Blood Magnetic graphene quantum dot 2 min 248 vp/mL [ 169 ]Colorimetric biosensors Agglomeration of nanoparticles RNA N/A Au nanoparticles >45 min 160 fmol/L [ 185 ]
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Yanyan LI, Yusi PENG, Chenglong LIN, Xiaoying LUO, Zheng TENG, Xi ZHANG, Zhengren HUANG, Yong YANG.
Paper Information
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Received: Apr. 12, 2022
Accepted: --
Published Online: Sep. 25, 2023
The Author Email: TENG Zheng (tengzheng@scdc.sh.cn), YANG Yong (yangyong@mail.sic.ac.cn)
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