Photonics Research, Volume. 11, Issue 7, 1227(2023)
Randomized whispering-gallery-mode microdisk laser arrays via cavity deformations for anti-counterfeiting labels
Fig. 1. Schematic design principle of an optical PUF label based on a deformed microdisk laser array. (a) Schematic representation of an optical PUF label (
Fig. 2. Characterizations and lasing action of the perovskite microdisk array fabricated using a fs laser. (a) Schematic representation of the fabrication processes for a circular microdisk array. (b) SEM image of perovskite microdisks with a diameter of 7 μm. (c) Optical image of the obtained perovskite circular microdisks. Right inset: PL images of perovskite circular microdisks. (d) Excitation power-dependent PL spectra from an individual perovskite microdisk laser. Top inset: schematic of an individual perovskite microdisk laser pumped by a 400 nm laser excitation (
Fig. 3. Morphology and optical properties of deformed perovskite microdisk arrays. (a) Schematic representation of the post-treatment processes: (i) FS laser process; (ii) DMF vapor fumigation; and (iii) annealing. (b) SEM and optical images of the deformed perovskite microdisk array, indicating strong green fluorescence and deformed boundaries. (c) Normalized PL spectra of the as-prepared perovskite microdisk with and without vapor fumigation. The PL peak of the perovskite with the vapor fumigation is narrowed (FWHM,
Fig. 4. Cavity mode analysis and lasing action of deformed microdisks. (a) Simulated field distribution of a deformed microdisk cavity indicates effective light confinement along the edges and a WGM-like resonant loop. (b) Quality factor (
Fig. 5. Digitization of the optical PUF-based anti-counterfeiting label. (a) Obtained optical PUF label after post-treatment;
Fig. 6. Schematic illustration of growth process of
Fig. 7. Repeatability analysis of the perovskite microdisk array fabricated by FS laser. (a) Optical image of the obtained perovskite circular microdisks with a diameter of 3 μm. (b) Laser spectra of seven equal-size perovskite microdisks. (c) Excitation threshold of seven equal-size perovskite microdisks.
Fig. 8. Investigation of lasing origins from the thin-film-based perovskite microdisk. (a) AFM image of single-crystal
Fig. 9. Simulation of the resonant mode change as a function of the microdisk deformation. (a) Simulated resonant mode of microdisk cavities with increasing deformation, indicating that the corresponding resonant wavelength exhibits a blue shift from 544.12 to 540.71 nm. (b) Simulated field distribution of the fundamental mode with an azimuthal number of 72 (
Fig. 10. Lasing actions from three deformed microdisks. (a)–(c) Power-dependent lasing spectra from three deformed microdisks, respectively. (d) and (e) Integrated emission intensity as a function of pump density showing the lasing threshold at
Fig. 11. Similarity statistical image of twice measurement results of the PUF labels.
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Wangqi Mao, Xinyu Gao, Bo Li, Yaqiang Zhang, Pei Wang, Hongxing Dong, Long Zhang. Randomized whispering-gallery-mode microdisk laser arrays via cavity deformations for anti-counterfeiting labels[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(7): 1227
Category: Optical Devices
Received: Mar. 16, 2023
Accepted: May. 2, 2023
Published Online: Jun. 25, 2023
The Author Email: Hongxing Dong (hongxingd@siom.ac.cn), Long Zhang (lzhang@siom.ac.cn)