High-speed electric spindle is a novel spindle that combines the drive and transmission units of the conventional spindle. The high-speed electric spindle is widely used in high-performance machining centers because of its high speed and high precision. The dynamic rotation characteristics of the spindle greatly determine the machining accuracy of the machining center;thus, it is an important factor that affects the overall performance of the machining center. The research is roughly divided into two types, namely, spindle rotation-error measurement based on displacement sensing and that based on optical methods. These measurement methods aim to determine the radial rotation error of the spindle by measuring the displacement change inthe spindle at a certain angle. These two measurementmethods exhibitgood measurement performancewhen the spindle is running at a low speed. However, when the spindle is operating at a high speed, measurement becomes difficult because of the limitation in the sampling frequency. According to the summary of the methods thatmeasure the spindle rotation error, we propose a measurement method for spindle dynamic rotation error based on target trajectory tracking. Finally, we summarize the existing technology and discuss future research prospects.