To control and compensate the thermal aberration of objective lens accurately, a special three lens integrated experiment optical system was designed, and the calculation method for the thermal aberration was verified based on the designed system. Firstly, thermal aberration simulation method and corresponding verified experiment were introduced. Then, a series of experiments were carried out in different thermal load conditions and comparison of experimental and simulated results were also presented. Finally, combining experimental and simulated results, asymmetric aberrations and focus drift trends of the optical system under a certain thermal load were analyzed, and transient properties of thermal aberration were obtained. The results show that the ratios of RMS(Root Mean Square) values of thermal aberration from the experiments and simulations are 1∶3.75∶9.00 and 1∶4.01∶9.01 when the thermal load ratio of the optical system is 1∶4∶9. The data suggests that the thermal aberration is proportional to a heat load it suffers. For transient thermal aberration, simulation results show that stable time of the best focus position is less than 450 min whereas the stable time of Z4 and Z11 are 48 min and 9 min respectively. The stable time of best focus is much longer than that of asymmetrical aberration. Thermal aberration properties obtained through the three lens integrated optical system provide references for thermal aberration reduction and calibration strategies both for lithography objective lenses and other similar optical systems.