Fig. 1. Confocal Raman microscopic system and its application results. (a) Structure diagram of confocal Raman microscopic system^[8]; (b) computational framework for label-free quantitative volume Raman imaging based on confocal Raman microscope^[10]; (c) volumetric confocal Raman spectroscopic imaging of zebra fish embryos^[11]

Fig. 2. Light-sheet Raman microscopic system and its application results. (a) System structure diagram of the light-sheet Raman microscopic system^[12]; (b) system diagram of Airy-light-sheet Raman microscopic imaging^[15]; (c) 3D imaging of polystyrene microspheres^[15]; (d) sparse photon image of a single liposolysaccharide Y. cell, and its corresponding 3D enlarged image and the time trajectory of the corresponding pixel^[16]; (e) 3D imaging results of c lipid metabolism in cells under different photon numbers^[16]

Fig. 3. Raman projection tomographic system and its application results. (a) Structure diagram of dual-mode optical-Raman projection tomographic system^[25]; (b) optical-Raman 3D fusion imaging of Arabidopsis stems^[25]; (c) Raman tomographic image of dog bone tissue^[23]

Fig. 4. Coherent Raman scattering microscope and its application results. (a) Schematic of a remote-focusing SRS microscope^[31]; (b) schematic of the system structure of visible light SRS microscope^[32]; (c) workflow of MAGNIFIERS and gel chemistry of MAGNIFY^[36]; (d) 3D reconstruction of Hela cells by visible light SRS microscope^[32]; (e) 3D-rendered SRS images of PFA-fixed HeLa cells, mouse brain, liver, kidney ,and pancreas tissue, FFPE-fixed human kidney and brain horse tissue at 2941 cm^-1[36]

Fig. 5. Coherent Raman scattering microscope and its application results. (a) Schematic of BCARS CRI system^[41]; (b) structure diagram of stimulated Raman projection microscope based on Bessel beam^[46]; (c) 3D image of pancreatic ducts reconstructed by BCARS^[41]; (d) reconstructed 3D image of 3T3-L1 cells by Bessel beam-based stimulated Raman projection microscope^[46]; (e) different coaxial imaging results of mouse ear skin tissue by multi-color stimulated Raman microscope^[40]

Fig. 6. 3D Raman microscopic imaging technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering and Raman tags. (a) Schematic for 3D surface molecular mapping of a single living cell by using MTSERS^[51]; (b) structure and Epr-SRS spectra of MARS probe in RADIANT and volumetric immune Epr-SRS imaging cleared by uDISCO^[58]; (c) SERS pH probe synthesis and 3D SERS images^[53]

Fig. 7. Applications in cytology and developmental biology. (a) 3D images of hiPSC and different components of diffractive CMs cells^[10]; (b) 3D co-distribution images of DNA (magenta) and lipids (green) in cells and tissues^[60]; (c) adipose body images of Drosophila melanogaster at different developmental stages^[25]; (d) volumetric confocal Raman spectral images of the entire zebrafish embryo^[11]