Fig. 1. The state-of-the-art of sub-100-fs ML Tm lasers operating in the 2-μm spectral range (average output power versus pulse duration). The red stars summarize our present results.

Fig. 2. Experimental configuration of the CW and ML Tm:(Lu,Sc)₂O₃ ceramic laser. L, focusing lens; M₁ and M₂, concave dichroic mirrors; M₃, plane rear mirror; DM₁–DM₄, dispersive mirrors; OC, output coupler.

Fig. 3. (a) Laser performance of the Tm:(Lu,Sc)₂O₃ ceramic laser in the CW regime for different OC transmission T_OC. (b) Cavity loss fitting curve with the slope efficiency as a function of the OC reflectivity, R_OC = 1 – T_OC.

Fig. 4. SWCNT-SA ML Tm:(Lu,Sc)₂O₃ ceramic laser with T_OC = 1.5%: (a) measured optical spectrum and (b) interferometric autocorrelation trace.

Fig. 5. SWCNT-SA ML Tm:(Lu,Sc)₂O₃ ceramic laser with T_OC = 3%: (a) measured optical spectrum and (b) interferometric autocorrelation trace.

Fig. 6. SWCNT-SA ML Tm:(Lu,Sc)₂O₃ ceramic laser with T_OC = 0.5%: (a) measured optical spectrum and (b) interferometric autocorrelation trace.

Fig. 7. Radio frequency (RF) spectra of the ML Tm:(Lu,Sc)₂O₃ ceramic laser with T_OC = 0.5%: (a) fundamental beat note and (b) 1-GHz span. RBW, resolution bandwidth.