Opto-Electronic Engineering, Volume. 50, Issue 2, 220149(2023)
Progress on high-precision laser-based underwater frequency transfer
Fig. 3. Simulation results of timing jitter PSD[39]. Curves (i)–(iii) are calculated from the Kolmogorov model; Curves (iv)–(vi) are calculated from the von Kármán model
Fig. 4. Timing fluctuation curves[49]. (a) Timing fluctuation of the underwater transmission link of 3 m; (b) Timing fluctuation of the underwater transmission link of 6 m; (c) Timing fluctuation of the underwater transmission link of 9 m; (d) Measurement floor for a short link
Fig. 5. Laser-based underwater frequency transfer based on electronic phase compensation technique[50]. PS: phase shifter; CW: continuous wave; PD: photodetector; PI: proportion–integration controller; HM: half reflected mirror
Fig. 6. Experimental results[50]. (a) Timing fluctuation curves: (i)-without compensation; (ii)-with compensation; (iii)-measurement floor; (b) Allan deviation curves: (i)-without compensation; (ii)-with compensation; (iii)-measurement floor
Fig. 7. Laser-based underwater frequency transfer based on optical phase compensation technique[51]. CW: continuous wave; λ/2: half-wave plate; PBS: polarization beam splitter; λ/4: quarter-wave plate; PD: photodetector; PI: proportion–integration controller; HM: half reflected mirror
Fig. 8. Experimental results [51]. (a) Timing fluctuation curves: (i)-without compensation; (ii)-with compensation; (iii)-measurement floor; (b) Allan deviation curves: (i)-without compensation; (ii)-with compensation; (iii)-measurement floor
Fig. 9. Laser-based multiple-access underwater frequency transfer based on terminal phase compensation technique[56]. TX: transmitting site; RX: receiving site; VCO: voltage-controlled oscillator; M1: mirror 1; M2: mirror 2; Mn: mirror n; λ/2: half-wave plate; PBS: polarization beam splitter; λ/4: quarter-wave plate; PD: photodiode; PI: proportion–integration controller
Fig. 10. Experimental results[56]. (a) Timing fluctuation curves: (i)-without compensation; (ii)-with compensation; (b) Allan deviation curves: (i)-free running VCO B; (ii)-without compensation; (iii)-with compensation; (iv)-commercial Cs clock Microsemi-5071A
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Dong Hou, Junwei Ren, Guangkun Guo, Ke Liu. Progress on high-precision laser-based underwater frequency transfer[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2023, 50(2): 220149
Category: Article
Received: Jun. 30, 2022
Accepted: Dec. 23, 2022
Published Online: Apr. 13, 2023
The Author Email: Hou Dong (houdong@uestc.edu.cn)