Polarization, a fundamental degree of freedom of the optical field, has important applications in many fields of optical technology. The optical field modulation performance of optical devices is often expressed by the Jones matrix with its number of controllable channels characterizing the polarization control capability. With the rapid development of optical technology, novel applications, such as polarization imaging, information coding, and optical encryption, require optical devices to independently modulate multiple Jones-matrix channels while considering the need for miniaturization. Metasurface, a planar optical device composed of artificial subwavelength nano-structures with specific order, is expected to have a greater role in the field of polarization optics devices owing to its natural advantage of integration and powerful ability to modulate electromagnetic waves with arbitrary customization. In this paper, we first introduce the phase and amplitude modulation mechanisms of the metasurfaces, then systematically review the development of Jones matrix modulated metasurfaces with an increase in the number of controllable channels, and finally, provide an outlook on the future development of Jones matrix modulation technology for metasurfaces.