[1] L DE, R ZHOU J. Theoretical modeling of the PEMFC catalyst layer: a review of atomistic methods. Electrochimica Acta, 177, 4-20(2015).

[2] S SHARMA, G POLLET B. Support materials for PEMFC and DMFC electrocatalysts-a review. Journal of Power Sources, 208, 96-119(2012).

[3] E CURTIN D, D LOUSENBERG R, J HENRY T et al. Advanced materials for improved PEMFC performance and life. Journal of Power Sources, 131, 41-48(2004).

[4] F BARBIR. PEM electrolysis for production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources. Solar Energy, 78, 661-669(2005).

[5] S KNIGHTS, R BASHYAM, P HE et al. PEMFC MEA and System Design Considerations. 220th ECS Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 39-53(2011).

[7] A KONGKANAN. Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology, 1. New York: Springer, 1-20(2017).

[9] A GASTEIGER H, S KOCHAS, B SOMPALLI et al. Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 56, 9-35(2005).

[10] Y SHAO, G YIN, Y GAO. Understanding and approaches for the durability issues of Pt-based catalysts for PEM fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources, 171, 558-566(2007).

[11] Y SHAO, J LIU, W YONG et al. Novel catalyst support materials for PEM fuel cells: current status and future prospect. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19, 46-59(2008).

[12] L DICKS A. The role of carbon in fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 156, 128-141(2006).

[13] S SHARMA, G POLLET B. Support materials for PEMFC and DMFC electrocatalysts-a review. Journal of Power Sources, 208, 96-119(2012).

[14] S SHAHGALDI, J HAMELIN. Improved carbon nanostructures as a novel catalyst support in the cathode side of PEMFC: a critical review. Carbon, 94, 705-728(2015).

[15] S SHARMA, G POLLET B. Support materials for PEMFC and DMFC electrocatalysts-a review. Journal of Power Sources, 208, 96-119(2012).

[16] A KONGKANAND, F MATHIAS M. The priority and challenge of high-power performance of low-platinum proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 7, 1127-1137(2016).

[17] K SHINOZAKI, Y MORIMOTO, S PIVOVAR B et al. Suppression of oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt-based electrocatalysts from ionomer incorporation. Journal of Power Sources, 325, 745-751(2016).

[18] D BRUJIN F A, T DAM V A, M JANSSEN G J. Review: durability and degradation issues of PEM fuel cell components. Fuel Cells, 8, 3-22(2010).

[19] Y SHAO, G YIN, Y GAO. Understanding and approaches for the durability issues of Pt-based catalysts for PEM fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources, 171, 558-566(2007).

[20] W XIN, W LI, Z CHEN et al. Durability investigation of carbon nanotube as catalyst support for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Journal of Power Sources, 158, 154-159(2006).

[21] L DUBAU, L CASTANHEIRA, G BERTHOME et al. An identical- location transmission electron microscopy study on the degradation of Pt/C nanoparticles under oxidizing, reducing and neutral atmosphere. Electrochimica Acta, 110, 273-281(2013).

[22] M THOMMES, C MORLAY, R AHMAD et al. Assessing surface chemistry and pore structure of active carbons by a combination of physisorption (H₂O, Ar, N₂, CO₂), XPS and TPD-MS. Adsorption-Journal of the International Adsorption Society, 17, 653-661(2011).

[23] F MAILLAR, A BONNEFONT, F MICOUD. An EC-FTIR study on the catalytic role of Pt in carbon corrosion. Electrochemistry Communications, 13, 1109-1111(2011).

[24] Z ZHAO, L CASTANHEIRA, L DUBAU et al. Carbon corrosion and platinum nanoparticles ripening under open circuit potential conditions. Journal of Power Sources, 230, 236-243(2013).

[25] T MITTERMEIER, A WEI, et al. PEM fuel cell start-up/shut-down losses vs temperature for non-graphitized and graphitized cathode carbon supports. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 164, 127-137(2017).

[26] X TUAEV, S RUDI, P STRASSER. The impact of the morphology of a carbon support on the activity and stability of nanoparticle fuel cell catalysts. Catalysis Science & Technology, 6, 1670-1679(2016).

[27] S CHOO H, T KINUMOTO, M NOSE et al. Electrochemical oxidation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite during potential cycling in sulfuric acid solution. Journal of Power Sources, 185, 740-746(2008).

[28] S AZADEH, B AHMAD R, S ALIREZA. Correlation between structure and oxidation behavior of carbon aerogels. Journal of Energy Storage, 7, 195-203(2016).

[29] M OUATTARA B, S BERTHON F, C BEAYGER et al. Influence of the carbon texture of platinum/carbon aerogel electrocatalysts on their behavior in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 10-20(2012).

[30] A SMIRNOVA, T WENDER, D GOBERMAN et al. Modification of carbon aerogel supports for PEMFC catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34, 8992-8997(2009).

[31] M OUATTARA B, S BERTHON F, C BEAYGER et al. Correlations between the catalytic layer composition, the relative humidity and the performance for PEMFC carbon aerogel-based membrane electrode assemblies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39, 1420-1429(2014).

[32] C WANG Q, Y CHEN Z, N WU et al. N-doped 3D carbon aerogel with trace Fe as efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. ChemElectroChem, 4, 2373-2377(2017).

[33] M OUATTARA B, C BEAYGER, S BERTHON F et al. Carbon aerogels as catalyst supports and first insights on their durability in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Fuel Cells, 11, 726-734(2015).

[34] R SINGH, K SINGH M, S BHARTIYA et al. Facile synthesis of highly conducting and mesoporous carbon aerogel as platinum support for PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42, 11110-11117(2017).

[35] C WANG Q, P LEI Y, G ZHU Y et al. Edge defects engineering of nitrogen-doped carbon for oxygen electrocatalysts in Zn-air batteries. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10, 29448-29456(2018).

[36] L FABIEN, T ASSET, M CHATENET et al. Activity and durability of platinum-based electrocatalysts with tin oxide-coated carbon aerogel materials as catalyst supports. Electrocatalysis, 2019, 1-17.

[37] S BERTHON F, L DUBAU, Y AHMAD et al. First insight into fluorinated Pt/carbon aerogels as more corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes. Electrocatalysis, 6, 521-533(2015).

[38] H BAUGHMAN R. Carbon nanotubes-the route toward applications. Science, 297, 787-792(2002).

[39] G GIRISHKUMAR, K VINODGOPAL, V KAMAT P. Carbon nanostructures in portable fuel cells: single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108, 19960-19966(2004).

[40] L GIGAEK, C HYEONJN, T YONG. In situ durability of various carbon supports against carbon corrosion during fuel starvation in a PEM fuel cell cathode. Nanotechnology, 30, 1-12(2019).

[41] D YILSER, D ELIF. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated by platinum catalyst for high temperature PEM fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy(2019).

[42] D YILSER, D ELIF. Investigation of the effect of graphitized carbon nanotube catalyst support for high temperature PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy(2019).

[43] L ZHAO, C WANG Q, Q ZHANG X et al. Combined electron and structure manipulation on Fe containing N-doped CNTs to boost bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10, 35888-35895(2018).

[44] B MOHAMMAD N, H SUN S, B MENG X et al. TiSi₂O_x coated N-doped carbon nanotubes as Pt catalyst support for the oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFCs. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117, 15457-15467(2013).

[45] B GAO W, P ZHANG Z, L DOU M et al. Highly dispersed and crystalline Ta₂O₅ anchored Pt electrocatalyst with improved activity and durability towards oxygen reduction: promotion by atomic- scale Pt-Ta₂O₅ interactions. ACS Catalysis(2019).

[46] M SAHOO, K SCOTT, S RAMAPRABHU. Platinum decorated on partially exfoliated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as high- performance cathode catalyst for PEMFC. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40, 9435-9443(2015).

[47] C PRIJI, D PUTHUSSERI, S RAMAPRABHU. 1D-2D integrated hybrid carbon nanostructure supported bimetallic alloy catalyst for ethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 4951-4961(2019).

[48] G MEENAKSHI S, S RAMAPRABHU. Highly efficient and ORR active platinum-scandium alloy-partially exfoliated carbon nanotubes electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy(2019).

[49] H SHENG Z, L SHAO, J CHEN J et al. Catalyst-free synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene via thermal annealing graphite oxide with melamine and its excellent electrocatalysis. ACS Nano, 5, 4350-4358(2011).

[50] F LIU J, T DAIO, S KAZUNARI et al. Defective graphene foam: a platinum catalyst support for PEMFCs. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 161, 838-844(2014).

[51] Ö EYLUL S, B ŞANSIM B, B SELMI E et al. Graphene aerogel supported Pt electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction by supercritical deposition. Electrochimica Acta, 250, 174-184(2017).

[52] A ECE, K BEGUM Y, M AHMET M et al. An effective electrocatalyst based on platinum nanoparticles supported with graphene nanoplatelets and carbon black hybrid for PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy(2019).

[53] Y MELIKE S, Y K BEGÜM, A G SELMIYE et al. Binary CuPt alloy nanoparticles assembled on reduced graphene oxide-carbon black hybrid as efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for PEMFC. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 14184-14192(2018).

[54] M SEVIM Y, Y KAPLAN B, et al. A facile synthesis and assembly of ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide- carbon black hybrid for enhanced performance in PEMFC. Materials and Design, 151, 29-36(2018).

[55] F LI Z, L XIN, F YANG et al. Hierarchical polybenzimidazole- grafted graphene hybrids as supports for Pt nanoparticle catalysts with excellent PEMFC performance. Nano Energy, 16, 281-292(2015).

[56] R EMELINE, J YOHANN R, G LAURE et al. Optimization and tunability of 2D graphene and 1D carbon nanotube electrocatalysts structure for PEM Fuel Cells. Catalysts, 8, 377-387(2018).

[57] N YANG H, D KO Y, J KIM W. 3D structured Pt/rGO-polyethyleneimine-functionalized MWCNTs prepared with different mass ratio of rGO and MWCNT for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 4439-4447(2018).

[58] J OH E, R HEMPELMANN, V NICA et al. New catalyst supports prepared by surface modification of graphene and carbon nanotube structures with nitrogen containing carbon coatings. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 240-249.

[59] K FU, Y WANG, L MAO et al. Facile one-pot synthesis of graphene-porous carbon nanofibers hybrid support for Pt nanoparticles with high activity towards oxygen reduction. Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 427-434.

[60] K FU, Y WANG, Y QIAN et al. Synergistic effect of nitrogen doping and MWCNT intercalation for the graphene hybrid support for Pt nanoparticles with exemplary oxygen reduction reaction performance. Materials, 11, 1-13(2018).

[61] A CATIA, R SARA, S FRANCESCA et al. Graphene and carbon nanotube structures supported on mesoporous xerogel carbon as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton-exchange- membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 5038-5046(2011).

[62] A GHOSHL, S BASU, A VERMAL. Graphene and functionalized graphene supported platinum catalyst for PEMFC. Fuel Cells, 13, 355-363(2013).

[63] A GRIGORIEV S, N FATEEV V, S PUSHKAREV A et al. Reduced graphene oxide and its modifications as catalyst supports and catalyst layer modifiers for PEMFC. Materials, 11, 1-15(2018).

[64] L XIN, F YANG, S RASOULI et al. Understanding Pt nanoparticle anchoring on graphene supports through surface functionalization. ACS Catalysis, 6, 2642-2653(2016).

[65] G SERGRY A, F VLADIMIR N, S ARTEM. Reduced graphene oxide and its modifications as catalyst supports and catalyst layer modifiers for PEMFC. Materials, 11, 1045-1056(2018).

[66] C WANG Q, P LEI Y, S WANG D et al. Defect engineering in earth-abundant electrocatalysts for CO₂ and N₂ reduction. Energy& Environment Science(2019).

[67] X XU, M YAN X, Z ZHONG et al. The construction of porous graphene tri-doped with B, N and Co for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction. Carbon(2019).

[68] P LEI Y, Q SHI, C HAN et al. N-doped graphene grown on silk cocoon-derived interconnected carbon fibers for oxygen reduction reaction and photocatalytic hydrogen production. Nano Research, 9, 2498-2509(2016).

[69] C WANG Q, J JI Y, P LEI Y et al. Pyridinic-N-dominated doped graphene with abundant defects as superior oxygen electrocatalyst for ultrahigh-energy-density Zn-air batteries. ACS Energy Letters, 3, 1183-1191(2018).

[70] D YANG X, P ZHENG Y, J YANG et al. Modeling Fe/N/C catalysts in monolayer graphene. ACS Catalysis, 7, 139-145(2017).

[71] Y WANG, J JIN, et al. Highly active and stable platinum catalyst supported on porous carbon nanofibers for improved performance of PEMFC. Electrochimica Acta, 177, 181-189(2015).

[72] Y WANG, G LI, H JIN J et al. Hollow porous carbon nanofibers as novel support for platinum-based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42, 5938-5947(2017).

[73] Y WANG, H JIN J, L YANG S et al. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofiber based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts with high activity and durability. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41, 11174-11189(2016).

[74] J SONG, G LI, J QIAO. Ultrafine porous carbon fiber and its supported platinum catalyst for enhancing performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochimica Acta, 177, 46861-46878(2015).

[75] J YING, J LI, P JIANG G et al. Metal-organic frameworks derived platinum-cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon capsules as a highly active and durable catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Applied Catalysis B-Environmental, 225, 496-503(2018).

[76] Y CHEN Z, C WANG Q, B ZHANG X et al. N-doped defective carbon with trace Co for efficient rechargeable liquid electrolyte-/all-solid-state Zn-air batteries. Science Bulletin, 60, 548-555(2018).