Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the geographical location and DEM of the research area

Fig. 2. Distribution map of thermal environment in Nanjing in 2013, 2017 and 2021

Fig. 3. Chord diagram of the transfer of thermal environment landscape types in Nanjing from 2013 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2021

Fig. 4. Spatial distribution map of thermal environment landscape density types in Nanjing in 2013, 2017 and 2021. (a) Low temperature zone; (b) sub-low temperature zone; (c) medium temperature zone; (d) sub-high temperature zone; (e) high temperature zone

Fig. 5. Migration map of thermal environment landscape centroid in Nanjing in 2013, 2017 and 2021. (a) Low temperature zone;(b) sub-low temperature zone; (c) medium temperature zone; (d) sub-high temperature zone; (e) high temperature zone

Fig. 6. The contribution of driving factors to the expansion of thermal environment landscapes. (a) Low temperature zone; (b) sub-low temperature zone; (c) medium temperature zone; (d) sub-high temperature zone; (e) high temperature zone

Fig. 7. Overlay map of thermal environment landscape expansion area and elevation in the research area. (a) Low temperature zone; (b) sub-low temperature zone； (c) medium temperature zone