Fig. 1. Phase portraits of System (15): (a) Homoclinic orbits (β₁ = –1/10, β2 = 1/18); (b) heteroclinic orbits (β₁ = 1, β₂ = –5/9). 系统(15)的相位图　(a)同宿轨道(β₁ = –1/10, β2 = 1/18); (b) 异宿轨道(β₁ = 1, β₂ = –5/9)

Fig. 2. (a) Propagation of bright solitary wave via Solution (22) with the parameters chosen as α₁ = 1, α₂ = 2, α₃ = 1, α₄ = 8, α₅ = 2, α₆ = 6, α₇ = 4, α₈ = 6, c = 1, K = 1, = 51/16, ε = 1, a = 1; (b) propagation of dark solitary wave via Solution (25) with the parameters chosen as α₁ = –1, α₂ = 2, α₃ = 1, α₄ = –8, α₅ = –2, α₆ = –6, α₇ = –4, α₈ = 6, c = –7, K = 1, = –123/32, ε = 1, a = 1. (a)由明孤立波解(22)式描述的明孤立波传输图形, 其中参数选取为 α₁ = 1, α₂ = 2, α₃ = 1, α₄ = 8, α₅ = 2,α₆ = 6, α₇ = 4, α₈ = 6, c = 1, K = 1, = 51/16, ε = 1, a = 1; (b) 由暗孤立波解(25)式描述的暗孤立波传输图形, 其中参数选取为α₁ = –1, α₂ = 2, α₃ = 1, α₄ = –8, α₅ = –2, α₆ = –6, α₇ = –4, α₈ = 6, c = –7, K = 1, = –123/32, ε = 1, a = 1

Fig. 3. The propagation of one breather via Solution (32) with the parameters chosen as , , and . 解(32)式描述的一阶呼吸子的动力学演化, 其中参数选取为 , , 和

Fig. 4. Group velocity (red-solid line) and phase velocity (blue-dot line) of the breather 呼吸子的群速度 (红实线)和相速度 (蓝虚线)随参数a的变化关系

Fig. 5. The propagation of first-order rogue wave via Solution (42) with the parameters chosen as , , , , and . 解(42)式描述的一阶怪波的动力学演化, 其中参数选取为 , , , , 和

Fig. 6. Variation of the group velocity (red-solid line) and phase velocity (blue-dot line) about the amplitude parameter c with the parameters chosen as , and . (a) 群速度 随振幅参数c的变化(红实线)和(b)相速度 随振幅参数c的变化(蓝点线), 其中参数选取为 , 和