Fig. 1. Scattering geometry of one-dimensional rough sea surface.一维粗糙海面散射示意图

Fig. 2. variation of the sound speed profile due to bubbles layer.气泡层引起的水中声速剖面的改变

Fig. 3. Extinction coefficient due to bubbles layer.气泡层引起的声能量的衰减系数

Fig. 4. Layered structure geometry of the bubbles layer.气泡层的多层结构示意图

Fig. 5. Effects of the bubbles layer underneath the rough sea surface on reflection loss in nepers with a wind speed of 7 m/s: (a) Rough sea surface; (b) rough sea surface + scattering and absorption effect of the bubbles layer; (c) rough sea surface + refraction effect of the bubbles layer; (d) rough sea surface + scattering and absorption effect of the bubbles layer + refraction effect of the bubbles layer.风速为7 m/s时起伏海面下气泡层对海面反射损失的影响　(a) 无气泡层; (b) 考虑气泡层对声波的消减效应; (c) 考虑气泡层对声波的折射效应; (d) 同时考虑气泡层对声波的折射效应和消减效应

Fig. 6. Effects of the bubbles layer underneath the rough sea surface on reflection loss in nepers with a wind speed of 10 m/s: (a) Rough sea surface; (b) rough sea surface + scattering and absorption effect of the bubbles layer; (c) rough sea surface + refraction effect of the bubbles layer; (d) rough sea surface + scattering and absorption effect of the bubbles layer + refraction effect of the bubbles layer.风速为10 m/s时起伏海面以及气泡层对海面反射损失的影响　(a) 无气泡层; (b) 考虑气泡层对声波的消减效应; (c) 考虑气泡层对声波的折射效应; (d) 同时考虑气泡层对声波的折射效应和消减效应

Fig. 7. Effects of the bubbles layer underneath the rough sea surface on reflection loss in nepers with a wind speed of 13 m/s: (a) Rough sea surface; (b) rough sea surface + scattering and absorption effect of the bubbles layer; (c) rough sea surface + refraction effect of the bubbles layer; (d) rough sea surface + scattering and absorption effect of the bubbles layer + refraction effect of the bubbles layer.风速为13 m/s时起伏海面以及气泡层对海面反射损失的影响　(a) 无气泡层; (b) 考虑气泡层对声波的消减效应; (c) 考虑气泡层对声波的折射效应; (d) 同时考虑气泡层对声波的折射效应和消减效应

Fig. 8. Comparison of the transmission loss curves with different wind speeds (SD = 7 m, RD = 7 m): (a) v = 7 m/s; (b) v = 10 m/s; (c) v = 13 m/s; (d) v = 16 m/s. 不同风速时平整海面、起伏海面不考虑气泡层因素和起伏海面考虑气泡层因素时的传播损失曲线比较(SD = 7 m, RD = 7 m)　(a) v = 7 m/s; (b) v = 10 m/s; (c) v = 13 m/s; (d) v = 16 m/s

Fig. 9. Comparison of the transmission loss curves with different wind speeds (SD = 18 m, RD = 18 m.): (a) v = 7 m/s; (b) v = 10 m/s; (c) v = 13 m/s; (d) v = 16 m/s. 不同风速时平整海面、起伏海面不考虑气泡层因素和起伏海面考虑气泡层因素时的传播损失曲线比较(SD = 18 m, RD = 18 m)　(a) v = 7 m/s; (b) v = 10 m/s; (c) v = 13 m/s; (d) v = 16 m/s