In order to improve the environmental adaptability and energy conversion efficiency of ultrasonic motors, a novel piezoelectric and friction material with good temperature stability and low dielectric loss was been prepared and studied systematically in this paper. A new piezoelectric material was proposed based on the results of phase structure modulation, introducing of third end-member, introducing dipole defects to pin domain walls. In order to improve the energy transfer efficiency and environmental adaptability of the friction interface of ultrasonic motor, a novel polyimide composite material with high friction coefficient, low wear rate and high temperature resistance was designed. Finally, in the assembly of the ultrasonic motor, the piezoelectric and friction functional materials proposed in this paper are applied. The results show that the new piezoelectric ceramic materials have the advantages of low dielectric loss, high mechanical quality factor and high temperature stability compared with traditional materials. To be specific, the energy conversion efficiency of the ultrasonic motor increased by 3.3%. The new polyimide friction materials have significantly improved the friction coefficient, wear resistance and temperature range, which increased the maximum efficiency value of the ultrasonic motor by 6.19%. Moreover, after integrating the two new materials, the maximum efficiency value of the ultrasonic motor has increased by 13.6%, and the usage temperature range has increased from -40-70 ℃ to -60-120 ℃.The piezoelectric and friction functional materials proposed enhance the environmental adaptability of the ultrasonic motor and improve the output performance of the motor in this paper, which is of great significance for the application of ultrasonic motors in the equipment for aerospace and other high-end fields.