[1] J P Zhang, A Q Wang. Study on superabsorbent composites. Ⅸ: synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of polyacrylamide/clay composites based on various clays. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 67, 737-745(2007).

[2] Y A Zheng, A Q Wang. Study on superabsorbent composite. XX. Effects of cation-exchanged montmorillonite on swelling properties of superabsorbent composite containing sodium humate. Polymer Composites, 30, 1138-1145(2009).

[3] T K Mudiyanselage, D C Neckers. Highly absorbing superabsorbent polymer. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 46, 1357-1364(2008).

[4] M O Weaver, E B Bagley, G F Fanta et al. Highly absorbent starch-containing polymeric compositions.

[5] H Zhu, X Yao. Synthesis and characterization of poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)/Kaolin superabsorbent composite. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 50, 175-184(2013).

[6] M Chu, S Q Zhu, H M Li et al. Synthesis of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium humate superabsorbent composite for agricultural use. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 5137-5143(2006).

[7] K Mohana Raju, M Padmanabha Raju. Synthesis of novel superabsorbing copolymers for agricultural and horticultural applications. Polymer International, 50, 946-951(2001).

[8] M Wang, L Xu, H Hu et al. Radiation synthesis of PVP/CMC hydrogels as wound dressing. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 265, 385-389(2007).

[9] M R Guilherme, R S Oliveira, M R Mauricio et al. Albumin release from a brain-resembling superabsorbent magnetic hydrogel based on starch. Soft Matter, 8, 6629-6637(2012).

[10] S A Ismail, E S A Hegazy, N O Shaker et al. Radiation synthesis of superabsorbent hydrogels based on chitosan and acrylic acid for controlled drug release. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 46, 967-974(2009).

[11] K Kosemund, H Schlatter, J L Ochsenhirt et al. Safety evaluation of superabsorbent baby diapers. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 53, 81-89(2009).

[12] R Adam. Skin care of the diaper area. Pediatric Dermatology, 25, 427-433(2008).

[13] S Dutta, S S Saini, A Narang. A comparative study of sanitary napkins and absorbent nappy pads for urine output measurement in neonates. Acta Paediatrica, 98, 970-973(2009).

[14] A Li, J P Zhang, A Q Wang. Preparation and slow-release property of a poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite/sodium humate superabsorbent composite. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103, 37-45(2007).

[15] Yanjie SITU, Youming WEI, Junying YANG et al. Adverse effects of superabsorbent polymers on crop growth and the underlying mechanisms. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 28, 1318-1328(2022).

[16] M D Teli, A Mallick. Application of sorghum starch for preparing superabsorbent. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26, 1581-1591(2018).

[17] J H Wu, Y L Wei, J M Lin et al. Study on starch-graft-acrylamide/mineral powder superabsorbent composite. Polymer, 44, 6513-6520(2003).

[18] F Kazeminejadfard, M R Hojjati. Preparation of superabsorbent composite based on acrylic acid-hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate and clinoptilolite for agricultural applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136, 47365(2019).

[19] Yang GAO, Xinxin FENG, Linfan LI et al. Preparation of a starch-based superabsorbent polymer by γ-ray irradiation and investigation of its properties. Journal of Radiation Research and Radiation Processing, 41, 010204(2023).

[20] A I Raafat, M Eid, M B El-Arnaouty. Radiation synthesis of superabsorbent CMC based hydrogels for agriculture applications. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 283, 71-76(2012).

[21] S M Ibrahim, K M El Salmawi, A H Zahran. Synthesis of crosslinked superabsorbent carboxymethyl cellulose/acrylamide hydrogels through electron-beam irradiation. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104, 2003-2008(2007).

[22] Y N Zhang, S A Xu. Effects of amylose/amylopectin starch on starch-based superabsorbent polymers prepared by γ-radiation. Starch - Stärke, 69, 1500294(2017).

[23] Yongli CHEN. Formation mechanism, harmfulness and prevention measures of saline soil in Xinjiang. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 21(2008).

[24] P J Flory. Principles of polymer chemistry(1953).

[25] P C Parvathy, A N Jyothi. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviour of superabsorbent polymers from cassava starch-graft-poly(acrylamide). Starch - Stärke, 64, 207-218(2012).

[26] P Lanthong, R Nuisin, S Kiatkamjornwong. Graft copolymerization, characterization, and degradation of cassava starch-g-acrylamide/itaconic acid superabsorbents. Carbohydrate Polymers, 66, 229-245(2006).

[27] Y Q Meng, L Ye. Synthesis and swelling property of superabsorbent starch grafted with acrylic acid/2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97, 3831-3840(2017).

[28] K Xu, W D Zhang, Y M Yue et al. Swelling behaviors of a three-component copolymer (starch graft sodium acrylate and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanosulfonic acid) synthesized by microwave polymerization. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 98, 1050-1054(2005).

[29] Y H Huang, J Lu, C B Xiao. Thermal and mechanical properties of cationic guar gum/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel membranes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92, 1072-1081(2007).

[30] J J Maurer, D J Eustace, C T Ratcliffe. Thermal characterization of poly(acrylic acid). Macromolecules, 20, 196-202(1987).

[31] D J T Hill, J H O'Donnell, P J Pomery et al. Gamma radiolysis of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid). International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 39, 237-241(1992).

[32] W Luo, W A Zhang, P Chen et al. Synthesis and properties of starch grafted poly[acrylamide-co-(acrylic acid)]/montmorillonite nanosuperabsorbent via γ-ray irradiation technique. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96, 1341-1346(2005).

[33] S B Hua, A Q Wang. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of sodium alginate-g-poly(acrylic acid)/sodium humate superabsorbent. Carbohydrate Polymers, 75, 79-84(2009).

[34] T X Li, N Kong, S S Wu et al. Synthesis and performance of super absorbent resin with acrylic acid-acrylamide. Materials Science Forum, 687, 523-527(2011).

[35] B H Cipriano, S J Banik, R Sharma et al. Superabsorbent hydrogels that are robust and highly stretchable. Macromolecules, 47, 4445-4452(2014).

[36] A Awadallah-F, T B Mostafa. Synthesis and characterization studies of γ-radiation crosslinked poly(acrylic acid/2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid) hydrogels. Journal of Polymer Engineering, 34, 459-469(2014).