The typical all-inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) is widely used in the field of optoelectronics due to its advantages such as tunable spectra, good monochromaticity, and high photoluminescence quantum efficiency. However, the structural instability of perovskite crystals is one of the inevitable problems affecting their practical applications.
Perovskite nanocrystal glass, with its unique advantages such as tunable emission wavelength in the visible light spectrum, ultra-high stability, high photoluminescence quantum efficiency, and good monochromaticity, is widely used in frontier areas such as optical storage, Micro-LEDs, and ultra-high-resolution displays. However, there are still some issues with perovskite nanocrystal glass in applications. For example, the dense glass network structure limits the migration and growth of nanocrystals, resulting in lower quantum efficiency compared to nanocrystals in colloids. To optimize quantum efficiency, appropriate B-site substitution ions can be selected to reduce the toxicity of Pb and to improve the stability of perovskite nanocrystals. The heat treatment process reduces the energy barrier of the glass network, promotes the migration and enrichment of perovskite ions, and regulates the glass network structure to affect the migration and aggregation of ions, thereby affecting the nucleation and growth of perovskites. Additionally, self-crystallizing glass has relatively low energy barriers and reduces energy consumption during the heat treatment process. These methods of controlling crystal quality provide opportunities for improving the quantum efficiency of perovskite nanocrystal glass.
Furthermore, controlling the size and composition of perovskite nanocrystals can achieve tunable emission wavelengths. In addition to the above methods, ultrafast lasers, with features such as energy accumulation due to multiphoton absorption, micro-explosions induced by plasma thermal expansion, and rearrangement of glass frameworks, can induce local crystallization of glass, enabling direct redistribution of regional elements and design of localized chemical compositions. These optimization measures make full-spectrum coverage possible, which benefits significantly for color rendering, lighting efficiency, and energy savings.
Perovskite nanocrystal glass exhibits excellent stability while maintaining its excellent optical properties, demonstrating tremendous potential in the field of optics. Through encapsulation in a glass matrix, the stability of perovskite nanocrystals is enhanced, ensuring long-term stability and high efficiency performance in harsh environments. The fundamental mechanisms of controlling the composition of perovskite crystals and emission wavelengths through heat treatment, ultrafast laser writing, and other methods are analyzed thoroughly. Finally, the potential applications and development prospects of perovskite nanocrystal glass in fields such as LEDs and optical storage are summarized and forecasted.
Summary and prospects Encapsulating CsPbX3 NCs within a glass matrix has enhanced the stability of nanocrystals, enabling efficient and long-term luminescence in optical applications. To improve the PLQY and to tune the emission wavelength of CsPbX3 NCs@glass, methods such as B-site substitution, modification of glass components, optimization of heat treatment processes, and improvement of laser processing parameters can be employed to regulate their luminescent properties. The resulting materials have been widely used in fields such as optical storage, LED displays, photocatalysis, and X-ray detection. However, the quantum efficiency of CsPbX3 NCs@glass reported in most literatures is generally lower than that in colloidal nanocrystals since the dense glass network hinders the diffusion of CS+, Pb2+, X?, making direct modification and surface passivation of perovskite nanocrystals challenging. To unlock the potential applications of CsPbX3 NCs@glass in optical fields, the other considerations are suggested to keep in mind, that is, to reduce the toxicity of Pb and to enhance the quantum efficiency of blue-band of CsPbX3 NCs@glass. The strategies are hopeful to achieve technological leap in this area.