[1] [1] DUBAL D P, AYYAD O, RUIZ V, et al. Hybrid energy storage: the merging of battery and supercapacitor chemistries［J］. Chemical Society Reviews, 2015, 44(7): 1777-1790.

[2] [2] LI Z, HUANG J, YANN L B, et al. A review of lithium deposition in lithium-ion and lithium metal secondary batteries［J］. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 254: 168-182.

[4] [4] GOODENOUGH J B, PARK K S. The Li-ion rechargeable battery: a perspective［J］. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135(4): 1167-1176.

[5] [5] TARASCON J M. Is lithium the new gold?［J］. Nature Chemistry, 2010, 2(6): 510.

[6] [6] LIU B, LUO T, MU G Y, et al. Rechargeable Mg-ion batteries based on WSe2 nanowire cathodes［J］. ACS Nano, 2013, 7(9): 8051-8058.

[7] [7] SAM K. Expression of concern: black mesoporous anatase TiO2 nanoleaves: a high capacity and high rate anode for aqueous Al-ion batteries［J］. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2019, 7(6): 2922.

[8] [8] WANG X F, KAJIYAMA S, IINUMA H, et al. Pseudocapacitance of MXene nanosheets for high-power sodium-ion hybrid capacitors［J］. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 6544.

[9] [9] PANG J B, BACHMATIUK A, YIN Y, et al. Applications of phosphorene and black phosphorus in energy conversion and storage devices［J］. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(8): 1702093.

[10] [10] ASLAM M K, XU M W. A mini-review: MXene composites for sodium/potassium-ion batteries［J］. Nanoscale, 2020, 12(30): 15993-16007.

[11] [11] NOVOSELOV K S, FAL′KO V I, COLOMBO L, et al. A roadmap for graphene［J］. Nature, 2012, 490(7419): 192-200.

[12] [12] JING Y, ZHOU Z, CABRERA C R, et al. Graphene, inorganic graphene analogs and their composites for lithium ion batteries［J］. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, 2(31): 12104-12122.

[13] [13] ZHOU J, WANG L, YANG M, et al. Hierarchical VS2 nanosheet assemblies: a universal host material for the reversible storage of alkali metal ions［J］. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(35): 1702061.

[14] [14] DAVID L, BHANDAVAT R, SINGH G. MoS2/graphene composite paper for sodium-ion battery electrodes［J］. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(2): 1759-1770.

[17] [17] WANG Y W, TIAN W, ZHANG H J, et al. Nb2N monolayer as a promising anode material for Li/Na/K/Ca-ion batteries: a DFT calculation［J］. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2021, 23(21): 12288-12295.

[18] [18] BHARTI, AHMED G, KUMAR Y, et al. Determination of quantum capacitance of niobium nitrides Nb2N and Nb4N3 for supercapacitor applications［J］. Journal of Composites Science, 2021, 5(3): 85.

[19] [19] KALAL S, TAYAL A, KARMAKAR S, et al. Electron-phonon interactions and superconductivity of β-Nb2N thin films［J］. Applied Physics Letters, 2023, 122(7): 072602.

[20] [20] KRESSE G, FURTHMLLER J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set［J］. Physical Review B, 1996, 54(16): 11169-11186.

[21] [21] PERDEW J P, BURKE K, ERNZERHOF M. Generalized gradient approximation made simple［J］. Physical Review Letters, 1996, 77(18): 3865-3868.

[22] [22] GRIMME S, ANTONY J, EHRLICH S, et al. A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu［J］. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2010, 132(15): 154104.

[23] [23] HENKELMAN G, UBERUAGA B P, JNSSON H. A climbing image nudged elastic band method for finding saddle points and minimum energy paths［J］. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2000, 113(22): 9901-9904.

[24] [24] TOGO A, TANAKA I. First principles phonon calculations in materials science［J］. Scripta Materialia, 2015, 108: 1-5.

[25] [25] WANG D S, LIU Y H, MENG X, et al. Two-dimensional VS2 monolayers as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries and beyond: first-principles calculations［J］. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5(40): 21370-21377.

[26] [26] HE X J, WANG R C, YIN H M, et al. 1T-MoS2 monolayer as a promising anode material for (Li/Na/Mg)-ion batteries［J］. Applied Surface Science, 2022, 584: 152537.

[27] [27] VAKILI-NEZHAAD G R, GUJARATHI A M, AL RAWAHI N, et al. Performance of WS2 monolayers as a new family of anode materials for metal-ion (Mg, Al and Ca) batteries［J］. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 230: 114-121.

[28] [28] WINTER M, BESENHARD J O, SPAHR M E, et al. Insertion electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries［J］. Advanced Materials, 1998, 10(10): 725-763.