Fig. 1. Block diagrams of CDI versions. (a) Plane-wave scheme; (b) Ptychography; (c) Bragg geometry; (d) Fresnel approximation; (e) Total external reflection geometry^[34]

Fig. 2. Flowchart of the image reconstruction algorithm^[61]

Fig. 3. Comparison of quasi-monochromatic and broadband reconstruction results. (a) Monochromatic reconstruction with long exposure time; (b) Broadband reconstruction with short exposure time; (c) Broadband reconstruction using the dimensions from Figure (a) as initial support; (d) Broadband reconstruction employing the PolyCDI algorithm^[63]

Fig. 4. Principle of the numerical monochromatization^[64]

Fig. 5. Comparison of reconstruction results under 1% bandwidth. (a) Reconstruction using single-mode algorithm; (b) Reconstruction using the mixed-state algorithm; (c) Reconstruction using the target scheme; (d) Five orthogonal probe modes; (e) Five spectral modes; (f) Spectral curve^[65]

Fig. 6. Broadband diffraction reconstruction comparison with 41% spectrum broadening. (a) Comparison of broadband and monochromatic diffraction patterns; (b) Comparison of reconstructed spectra; (c) Broadband diffraction pattern ; (d) Monochromatic diffraction pattern without dispersion; (e) Monochromatic diffraction pattern considering dispersion; (f) Reconstruction results without monochromatization; (g) Monochromatic reconstruction results without dispersion^[64]; (h) Monochromatic reconstruction results considering dispersion^[66]

Fig. 7. (a) Schematic of dual-wavelength CMI; (b) Flow chart of the reconstruction process^[68]

Fig. 8. The reconstruction results under simultaneous illumination at 351 nm and 1053 nm wavelengths. (a), (b) The recorded diffraction patterns; (c), (d) The amplitude results; (e), (f) The phase results; (g) The amplitude variation across a series of planes calculated at 351 nm^[68]

Fig. 9. Simultaneous reconstruction results of a resolution plate. (a) 351 nm; (b) 1053 nm^[68]

Fig. 10. The structure of the mixed-state CDP system^[26]

Fig. 11. Comparison between sequential CDP (rows 1, 3, & 5) and mixed-state CDP (rows 2, 4, & 6) for gradient descent with priors^[26]

Fig. 12. Schematic of (a) the broadband CDI and (b) SPIRE algorithm^[70]

Fig. 13. Probe and spectral image reconstructions of a test pattern from broadband LED diffraction patterns^[70]

Fig. 14. Experimental setup for CDIS^[71]

Fig. 15. Hyperspectral imaging of a vanadium thin film. (a) SEM image of the sample and comparison to a false-color composite image of the sample at 320 K; (b) Transmission spectra of the different regions of the sample^[71]

Fig. 16. Dual wavelengths nanostructure imaging. Reconstruction results for ptychography at wavelengths of (a) 17.3 nm and (b) 17.93 nm; (c) Comparison images from scanning electron microscopy; (e)-(f) Resolution comparison of different regions^[72]