With the rapid advancement of modern information technology, there is an urgent need to enhance multiple targets and multiple tasks detection capabilities in complex environments. Traditional light detectors primarily capture scalar parameters such as light intensity, whereas light in free space inherently carries rich, multi-dimensional information such as polarization, spectral data, and phase angle those are often interrelated and overlapping. This presents significant challenges in simultaneously and independently extracting multiple dimensions of information. Emerging multi-dimensional detectors are positioned to overcome these challenges by simultaneously acquiring and integrating complex multi-dimensional data, which is crucial for the detection and identification of fast, weak, and small targets in extreme environments. In this paper, we focus on new detectors designed to capture parameters like intensity, phase angle, polarization, and spectrum, while also exploring the potential for multi-dimensional fusion detection, on-chip integration, and future trends in multi-dimensional sensing technology.