As a potential semiconductor field-effect sensor， the light-addressable potentiometric sensor （LAPS） has advantages such as high sensitivity， low cost， and simple fabrication. Further， it has become a crucial tool for label-free biochemical detection and visualization analysis of two-dimensional biochemical concentration distribution. Due to the presence of trapped charges in the insulator， low photoelectric conversion efficiency of the semiconductor layer， noise interference in the system， and crosstalk between detection signals， the performance of LAPS is limited in terms of sensitivity， linearity， spatial resolution， and measurement speed. Therefore， structural optimization of LAPS helps to improve detection performance. This paper first introduces the principle of LAPS， including the structure and operation principle of the sensor， measurement system based on the LAPS， and the measurement mode of LAPS. Further， this paper analyzes the optimization progress and related application of LAPS in structure. Finally， this paper summarizes the main points regarding the optimization of LAPS structure for improved detection performance and highlights the breakthrough points and key points for future research.