Fig. 1. Experimental set-up used for detecting microwave electric field^[19]

Fig. 2. Microwave detection based on EIT-AT^[19]

Fig. 3. Experimental system for measuring electric field by Mach-Zehnder interferometer^[37]

Fig. 4. In the atomic superheterodyne method, the local signal with known frequency and phase and the signal field to be measured are mixed by atoms^[27]原子超外差法中，已知频率和相位的本地信号和待测信号场通过原子进行混频^[27]

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of optical repumping energy level^[43]

Fig. 6. Highly sensitive detection using traditional resonant cavity

Fig. 7. Comparison of precision measurement using single (top) and many-body system (bottom)^[48]

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of microwave electric field detection using EIA effect in South China Normal University^[44]

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of experimental device of measuring K-band microwave by Shanxi University team using Rydberg atom^[62]

Fig. 10. Detection of MHz RF radio waves by Rydberg atomic system^[67]

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of atomic gas chamber detection with integrated electrode of Anderson research group^[73]

Fig. 12. Quasi-continuous transition frequencies and corresponding dipole moments from different alkali atoms^[33]

Fig. 13. Atomic radio receiver and spectrum analyzer prepared by Meyer et al using non-resonant heterodyne technique^[81]

Fig. 14. Microwave electric field polarization measurement^[84]

Fig. 15. Relationship between the measured parameters A and in the experiment, where A₁ and A₂ represent the areas of two spectral lines in the graph, with the solid line representing the theoretical results^[14]实验中测量的参数A和的关系曲线，其中A₁和A₂表示插图中两条谱线的面积，实线为理论结果^[14]

Fig. 16. Shanxi University's experimental setup for measuring the scattering field of radio frequency identification (RFID) tag^[86]

Fig. 17. Measurement of polarization based on Rydberg atomic mixer^[88]

Fig. 18. Two-dimensional imaging results^[90]

Fig. 19. Using a quantum sensor based on thermal Rydberg atoms to receive data encoded in electromagnetic fields in the extreme electrically small regime^[93]

Fig. 20. Experimental schematic of NIST using atomic mixer to realize phase measurement^[104]