Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a circularly oscillating laser beam bending forming test device

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of visual measurement

Fig. 3. Plate geometry size

Fig. 4. Physical drawing and Schematic diagrams of the two oscillation modes

Fig. 5. Temperature field distribution diagram of sheet surface under two oscillation modes

Fig. 6. Scanning surface morphology of the two oscillation modes

Fig. 7. Physical drawing of the formed part

Fig. 8. Change process of plate bending angle with time

Fig. 9. Change process of single scanning plate bending angle with time

Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of temperature gradient mechanism

Fig. 11. Bending process of plate profile along y-axis

Fig. 12. Stainless steel plate specimen

Fig. 13. Three-dimensional point cloud of plate surface profile

Fig. 14. Cross-section profile of the plate along the scanning path（y=30 mm）

Fig. 15. Change of the cross-section profile of the plate along the scanning path（y=30 mm） with the number of scans

Fig. 16. Evolution of the bending angle of the plate during the first，third， fifth， and seventh laser scans

Fig. 17. Derivative change of the bending angle of the plate during the first， third， fifth， and seventh laser scans

Fig. 18. Bending angle and its derivative changes of the plate at different measurement positions

Fig. 19. Plate bending angle distribution under different laser power

Fig. 20. Distribution of bending angle of plate under different interval time

Fig. 21. Upper surface morphology under different scanning times

Fig. 22. Relationship between the Rz value before scanning and the distribution of bending angle

Fig. 23. Section of plate after laser bending forming

Fig. 24. Relationship between the thickness of the plate and the bending angle before scanning

Fig. 25. Schematic diagram of geometric effects

Fig. 26. Relationship between scan area and bending angle per pass with existing bend angle

Fig. 27. Microscopic grain diagram after 1 scan

Fig. 28. Microscopic grain diagram after 5 scans

Fig. 29. Microscopic grain diagram after 10 scans

Fig. 30. Distribution of microhardness