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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 6, 610010(2021)

Multi-Focus Image Fusion with Filter Operator and Double Scale Decomposition

Tian Shuai1, Ren Yafei1, Shao Xinye1,2, and Shao Jianlong1、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
  • 2College of Engineering & Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (15)
    Equations (0)
    References (32)
    Cited By (4)
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    Paper Information
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    Figures & Tables(15)
    Flow chart of fusion algorithm

    Fig. 1. Flow chart of fusion algorithm

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    Images after pretreatment. (a) Filtered images; (b) binary images of filtered image; (c) differential images

    Fig. 2. Images after pretreatment. (a) Filtered images; (b) binary images of filtered image; (c) differential images

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    Double scale decomposition and mixing. (a)(b) Source image; (c) small-scale focusing diagram; (d) large-scale focusing diagram; (e) initial decision diagram

    Fig. 3. Double scale decomposition and mixing. (a)(b) Source image; (c) small-scale focusing diagram; (d) large-scale focusing diagram; (e) initial decision diagram

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    Results of different r values processing

    Fig. 4. Results of different r values processing

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    Results of guided filtering and fusion. (a) Refined decision graph; (b) refined fusion graph; (c) final decision graph; (d) fusion result

    Fig. 5. Results of guided filtering and fusion. (a) Refined decision graph; (b) refined fusion graph; (c) final decision graph; (d) fusion result

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    Images of part of common dataset used in experiment

    Fig. 6. Images of part of common dataset used in experiment

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    Decision graphs and fusion results obtained by different detection methods. (a) I1; (b) MWGF; (c) Ref. [24]; (d) CNN; (e) Ref. [27]; (f) GFDF; (g) proposed algorithm

    Fig. 7. Decision graphs and fusion results obtained by different detection methods. (a) I1; (b) MWGF; (c) Ref. [24]; (d) CNN; (e) Ref. [27]; (f) GFDF; (g) proposed algorithm

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    Residual images between I1 and fused image obtained by different algorithms. (a1)(a2) I1; (b1)(b2) NSCT_SR; (c1)(c2) MGFF; (d1)(d2) proposed algorithm

    Fig. 8. Residual images between I1 and fused image obtained by different algorithms. (a1)(a2) I1; (b1)(b2) NSCT_SR; (c1)(c2) MGFF; (d1)(d2) proposed algorithm

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    Residual images between focused image and fused image obtained by proposed algorithm

    Fig. 9. Residual images between focused image and fused image obtained by proposed algorithm

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    Influence of w on fusion index

    Fig. 10. Influence of w on fusion index

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    Influence of r on fusion index

    Fig. 11. Influence of r on fusion index

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    Influence of ε on fusion index

    Fig. 12. Influence of ε on fusion index

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    • Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation results of 27 groups of color images

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      Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation results of 27 groups of color images

      AlgorithmQMIQNCIEQMQYQCB
      MWGF1.0090(2)0.8347(3)1.8367(2)0.9630(5)0.7787(0)
      NSCT_SR0.8576(0)0.8262(0)1.3697(0)0.9384(0)0.7344(0)
      CNN1.0276(2)0.8355(2)1.8118(0)0.9634(1)0.7874(2)
      Ref. [24]1.0317(1)0.8359(1)1.8422(0)0.9629(6)0.7885(1)
      MGFF0.7355(1)0.8207(1)0.5553(1)0.8639(0)0.6566(0)
      GFDF1.0348(4)0.8359(4)1.8777(7)0.9633(4)0.7901(12)
      Ref. [27]1.0348(8)0.8360(7)1.8801(5)0.9649(8)0.7896(5)
      Proposed algorithm1.0358(9)0.8361(9)1.8829(12)0.9651(3)0.7893(7)

    • Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation results of 13 gray scale images

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      Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation results of 13 gray scale images

      AlgorithmQMIQNCIEQMQYQCB
      MWGF0.9479(2)0.8273(2)1.1900(1)0.8632(3)0.7245(2)
      NSCT_SR0.8661(0)0.8240(0)1.0160(0)0.8361(0)0.6951(0)
      CNN1.0297(5)0.8281(6)1.4856(2)0.8949(4)0.7336(2)
      Ref. [24]0.9567(2)0.8276(2)1.1898(0)0.8611(0)0.7260(0)
      MGFF0.7616(0)0.8204(0)0.5516(0)0.7622(0)0.6225(0)
      GFDF0.9565(1)0.8275(1)1.1998(1)0.8643(1)0.7298(4)
      Ref. [27]0.9617(1)0.8277(0)1.2212(4)0.8637(2)0.7308(3)
      Proposed algorithm0.9667(2)0.8321(2)1.2220(5)0.8740(3)0.7552(2)

    • Table 3. Average time calculated by different algorithms unit: s

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      Table 3. Average time calculated by different algorithms unit: s

      Image type(number)Image size/(pixel×pixel)MWGFNSCT_SRRef. [24]CNNMGFFGFDFRef. [27]Proposedalgorithm
      Gray(8)512×512640×4804.20159.484.17154.090.800.482.130.37
      Color(15)520×5209.83166.143.85131.222.210.462.010.49
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    Tian Shuai, Ren Yafei, Shao Xinye, Shao Jianlong. Multi-Focus Image Fusion with Filter Operator and Double Scale Decomposition[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(6): 610010

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    Paper Information

    Category: Image Processing

    Received: Jun. 30, 2020

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Mar. 16, 2021

    The Author Email: Jianlong Shao (sj-long@163.com)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP202158.0610010

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology