Fig. 1. (Color online) Experimental process.

Fig. 2. XRD pattern of (a) GZO nanoparticles, (b) GZO/PS hybrid nanocomposite, (c) W-H Plot of the prepared and (d) XPS survey scan of GZO nanoparticles.

Fig. 3. (Color online) (a–d) Total and partial density of states for Ga:ZnO, and (e) FTIR pattern of GZO hybrid composite.

Fig. 4. (Color online) (a–c) FESEM images of GZO powders at low and high resolution and (d) size distribution of the prepared powders.

Fig. 5. (Color online) (a) EDX spectrum of GZO nanopowders and (b) mapping elemental of GZO/PS composite film.

Fig. 6. (Color online) (a) Plot of band gap energy and (b) photoluminescent spectrum of GZO powders.

Fig. 7. (Color online) FESEM surface image of GZO/polystyrene nanocomposite.

Fig. 8. (Color online) PL spectrum of (a) GZO/PS nanocomposite and (b) bare PS composite. (c) ln(I) versus time and mission spectra of GZO/PS sample at different time spaces and (d) excited at different excitation wavelengths.

Fig. 9. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the experimental setup of CW laser excitation. (b) PL spectrum under excitation at 325 nm. (c) X-ray luminescence. (d) Schematic diagram for the mechanisms of the emission. (e) Height pulse spectra of GZO hybrid film.

Fig. 10. (Color online) (a, b) The relative PL intensity of composite depending on time, after 3 days of water immersion.