Fig. 1. Flow chart of construction of initial model

Fig. 2. Block diagram of DDE communication

Fig. 3. Flow chart of automatic optimization

Fig. 4. Schematic of parameters for lighting system

Fig. 5. Relationship of displacement with uniformity and light efficiency

Fig. 6. Three-dimensional illuminance distribution maps before and after optimization. (a) Before; (b) after

Fig. 7. Comparison of illuminance curves before and after optimization

Fig. 8. Schematic of shape errors

Fig. 9. Analysis of shape errors

Fig. 10. Schematic of lateral displacement error

Fig. 11. Relationship of lateral displacement error with uniformity and light efficiency