Journal of Geographical Sciences, Volume. 30, Issue 6, 949(2020)
Influence of canopy and topographic position on soil moisture response to rainfall in a hilly catchment of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
Figures & Tables(10)
Fig. 1. Three Gorges Reservoir Area (a) and study catchment (b), and the landscape of six monitoring sites (c) (EG, SDFS, and DP represent evergreen coniferous forest, secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs, and deforested pasture, respectively.)
Fig. 2. Rainfall distribution and dynamics (a-b) of soil moisture at different sites (c-h) from May 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (EG, SDFS, and DP represent evergreen coniferous forest, secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs, and deforested pasture, respectively.)
Fig. 3. The effects of total rainfall amount (a), rainfall duration (b), average rainfall intensity (c), and rainfall peak intensity (d) on soil moisture responses of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (AR refers to rainfall events with all the depths having response, SBR refers to rainfall events with subsurface layers starting response, SR refers to surface layer response to rainfall, NR refers to no response to rainfall. The alphabet “a, b, c, d, ab” refers to no significant difference at 0.05 level when up-mark containing same letters.)
Fig. 4. Cumulative rainfall amount and lag time for the initiation of soil moisture response at surface horizon in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (EG, SDFS, and DP represent evergreen coniferous forest, secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs, and deforested pasture, respectively. The alphabet “a, b, ab” refers to no significant difference at 0.05 level when up-mark containing same letters.)
Fig. 5. Rainfall distribution and dynamics of surface soil moisture during four selected rainfall events of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (EG, SDFS, and DP represent evergreen coniferous forest, secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs, and deforested pasture, respectively.)
Fig. 6. Infiltration process during a heavy rainstorm event of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (EG, SDFS, and DP represent evergreen coniferous forest, secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs, and deforested pasture, respectively. The numbers besides depth legends presented lag time (hr) and average wetting-front velocity, respectively.)
Fig. 7. Maximum increase of soil water content for surface soil layer of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, including 14 events in wet period (a) and 9 events in dry period (b) (EG, SDFS, and DP represent evergreen coniferous forest, secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs, and deforested pasture, respectively. The alphabet “a, b, c, d, ab, bc, cd, bcd” refers to no significant difference at 0.05 level when up-mark containing same letters.)
Fig. 8. Accumulated soil water storage and accumulated rainfall amount at six monitoring sites during both wet period (a) and dry period (b) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (EG, SDFS, and DP represent evergreen coniferous forest, secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs, and deforested pasture, respectively.)
Table 1.
Soil properties and sensor installation depths of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
View tableView in ArticleTable 1.
Soil properties and sensor installation depths of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Vegetation Location (slope) Sensor depth (cm) Soil horizon Soil bulk density (g/cm3) Soil texture (%) Soil organic matter content (g/kg) Sand Silt Clay Evergreen coniferous forest Upslope (20°) 10 Oe 0.71 50.41 32.97 16.63 57.0 20 A 0.76 45.45 38.65 15.90 39.3 35 Bw1 1.01 47.03 39.78 13.19 28.4 50 BC 1.3 56.78 19.45 23.77 23.8 70 C 1.3 71.39 15.01 13.60 8.6 Downslope (29°) 10 Oe 0.66 40.85 35.26 23.89 37.0 20 A 0.86 35.18 37.00 27.83 28.8 40 Bw1 0.91 33.72 38.64 27.63 11.6 60 Bw2 1.05 34.26 44.02 21.72 7.3 80 C 1.32 61.14 24.67 14.18 4.1 Secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrub Upslope (27°) 8 Oe 1.08 27.68 48.51 23.82 46.6 20 A 1.16 35.65 49.03 15.32 14.1 30 Bw1 0.99 66.28 23.40 10.32 8.4 45 Bw2 1.09 68.32 24.17 7.51 4.7 60 C 1.26 70.92 10.40 18.68 4.8 Downslope (29°) 10 Oe 0.71 31.26 45.94 22.80 35.8 20 A 0.77 27.26 48.69 24.05 31.0 30 Bw1 1.15 22.12 15.83 62.05 8.4 50 Bw2 1.42 37.16 10.38 52.46 5.9 70 C 1.38 25.37 39.87 34.76 4.6 Secondary deforested pasture Upslope (24.5°) 10 A 0.78 52.57 24.26 23.17 38.7 20 Bw1 0.81 54.52 28.75 16.74 21.1 30 Bw2 0.93 56.47 24.93 18.60 19.8 45 BC 1.05 55.02 24.68 20.29 5.1 60 C 1.31 69.41 18.92 11.67 5.9 Downslope (21.5°) 10 A 0.78 30.27 41.95 27.78 32.2 20 AB 0.93 26.76 45.48 27.77 25.9 40 Bw1 1.36 33.66 36.44 29.90 6.8 60 Bw2 1.39 35.42 28.93 35.65 4.6 80 Bw3 1.38 43.49 25.58 30.93 4.1
Table 2.
Correlation coefficients between maximum increment of soil water storage and rainfall features during both wet period and dry period of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
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Correlation coefficients between maximum increment of soil water storage and rainfall features during both wet period and dry period of six monitoring sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Site Wet period Dry period Intensity Amount Duration Intensity Amount Duration EG-up 0.226 0.937** 0.509** 0.519 0.896** 0.536* EG-down 0.343* 0.922** 0.489** 0.490 0.879** 0.550* SDFS-up 0.255 0.937** 0.494** 0.437 0.908** 0.648* SDFS-down 0.500** 0.618** 0.289 0.400 0.911** 0.607* DP-up 0.431* 0.875** 0.514** 0.564* 0.896** 0.540 DP-down 0.333* 0.822** 0.414** 0.565* 0.867** 0.404
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Muxing LIU, Qiuyue WANG, Li GUO, Jun YI, Henry LIN, Qing ZHU, Bihang FAN, Hailin ZHANG. Influence of canopy and topographic position on soil moisture response to rainfall in a hilly catchment of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(6): 949
Paper Information
Received: Sep. 20, 2019
Accepted: Mar. 5, 2020
Published Online: Sep. 30, 2020
The Author Email: GUO Li (lug163@psu.edu)
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