Photonics Research, Volume. 9, Issue 9, 1699(2021)
Lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing Editors' Pick
Fig. 1. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) characteristics. (a) Metal–dielectric interface with complex permittivities
Fig. 2. (a) Gain-enhanced SPR resonance. SPPs at a metal–dielectric interface (Kretschmann configuration) excited by an electromagnetic wave with wave vector
Fig. 3. Lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (LESPR) sensor. (a) Schematic of an LESPR sensor setup. A plasmonic nanolaser is surrounded by the liquid analyte, where the refractive index change of the analyte will shift the lasing emission wavelength. LESPR sensor has a much narrower spectral linewidth than an SPR sensor. (b) A schematic showing that, for a given resonance peak shift, the LESPR sensor has a much larger intensity change than an SPR sensor. Figure adapted [24].
Fig. 4. LESPR sensor for refractive index sensing. (a) SEM image of an LESPR sensor. (b) Lasing emission from the LESPR sensor with ethanol (olive) and propyl alcohol (red) as analyte. The spectrum shifts in response to a refractive index change of
Fig. 5. High-yield plasmonic nanolasers with superior stability for sensing in aqueous solution. (a), (b) Continuous trace of emission spectra of CdSe nanosquare plasmonic nanolasers without and with an
Fig. 6. Plasmonic nanolasers with a nanotrench defect cavity for sensing applications. (a) Schematic of a plasmonic nanolaser with a nanotrench defect. (b) Schematic of the plasmonic nanolaser with a nanotrench defect for glucose solution sensing. (c), (d) Side view of resonant mode profiles
Fig. 7. Plasmonic laser based on a metallic trench Fabry–Perot resonator. (a) Schematic of the device consisting of a silver trench. The cavity floor of length
Fig. 8. Plasmonic nanolaser for gas detection. (a) Schematic of the detector consisting of a semiconductor nanosquare on top of a
Fig. 9. Spaser as biological probes. (a) Spaser schematic. (b) Stimulated emission of spasers in suspension. Light–light curve (red) and emission linewidth in dependence of pump fluence (blue). At about
Fig. 10. Spaser for ultranarrow bandwidth STED super-resolution imaging. (a) Principle of STED of spaser radiation. (b) Spectra of fluorescent dyes (dashed red line) and spaser nanoparticles (solid black line). Inset shows transmission electron microscope image of the spaser. (c) Confocal and (d) STED images of separated single spasers. (e) Intensity profile on the dashed magenta line (confocal) and solid line (STED) box. The fitted lines indicate the resolutions are 286 nm (confocal) and 74 nm (STED) by FWHM. (f) Measured resolution enhancement by increasing STED depletion power. Figure adapted [119].
Fig. 11. Microdisk laser particles for cellular labeling and tracking. (a) SEM image of silica-coated CLPs. Top left: false-color cross-sectional SEM image of a coated microdisk cut with focused ion beam. (b) Confocal fluorescence image of mouse breast tumor (4T1) cells with staining for actin (magenta), and nucleus (green), overlaid with bright-field transmission image of LPs (gray scale). (c) Overlaid LASE-fluorescence image of LPs inside membrane-GFP-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. Inset, zoomed-in images of three LPs, in which the color of each dot (pixel) represents the peak wavelength of laser emission. (d) SEM image of an array of OLPs on pillars. Top left: SEM image of an OLP after detachment. (e), (f) Slope efficiency versus orientation angle
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Zhe Zhang, Leona Nest, Suo Wang, Si-Yi Wang, Ren-Min Ma, "Lasing-enhanced surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing," Photonics Res. 9, 1699 (2021)
Category: Surface Optics and Plasmonics
Received: May. 20, 2021
Accepted: Jun. 25, 2021
Published Online: Aug. 12, 2021
The Author Email: Ren-Min Ma (renminma@pku.edu.cn)