Fig. 1. Variety in star extraction number(with a changed value for one important parameter at 22:40, and be back to its original value at 23:00)

Fig. 2. Diagram of the luminance of a space target at the observation camera site

Fig. 3. Effective extraction star number of different filtered pixels

Fig. 4. Diagram of extracted star number

Fig. 5. Original image, extracted target image and its trajectory after certification and tracking algorithm

Fig. 6. Sensitivity analysis for on-ground object detection

Fig. 7. Processing results for on-ground object detection