Application of Spectral Imaging Technology in Field of Forensic Science

Fig. 4. Reappearing of invisible writing^[19]. (a) Chenguang erasable pen erasing handwriting, Angcai steganography pen handwriting, lemon juice handwriting; (b) classification result based on hyperspectral imaging

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Fig. 5. Detection and extraction of bloodstains by BBIM^[20]. (a) Blood and other stains on white T-shirt; (b) corresponding spectra of stains; (c) blood extraction result using BBIM

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Fig. 6. Separation of overlapping fingerprints based on PCA and MCR-ALS^[25]. (a) Original image of two overlapping fingerprints; (b) fingerprint #1 separated by PCA; (c) fingerprint #2 separated by MCR-ALS

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Table 1. Classification of spectral imaging systems
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Table 1. Classification of spectral imaging systems
System type Spectral resolution Spectral band order of magnitude
Multispectral imaging 0.1 10¹
Hyperspectral imaging 0.01 10²
Ultraspectral imaging 0.001 10³

Table 2. Summary of applications of spectral imaging technology in forensic science

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Table 2. Summary of applications of spectral imaging technology in forensic science

Application	Reference	System type	Spectral range /nm	Spectral sampling interval /nm	Sample	Algorithm
Document examination	［18］	Multispectral	400‒720	10	Writing inks	FCM
	［15］	Hyperspectral	450‒950	5	Stamp-pad inks	BPNN/1D-CNN
	［14］	Hyperspectral	400‒1000	3.18	Gel ink，ballpoint，and liquid ink	t-SNE
	［19］	Hyperspectral	400‒720	5	Invisible writing	SVM
Blood stain examination	［20］	Hyperspectral	400‒1000	1.2	Blood stain and seven other blood-suspect substances	BBIM
	［21］	Hyperspectral	400‒500	5	Blood stain and nine other blood-suspect substances
	［22］	Hyperspectral	397‒1003	2.7	Blood stain and eight other blood-suspect substances	SVM/KNN/ANN/DT/RF
Fingerprint examination	［23］	Hyperspectral	400‒680	5	Horse blood-stained fingerprints
	［24］	Hyperspectral	450‒950	5	Human，chicken，and snake blood-stained fingerprints
	［25］	Hyperspectral	400‒600	1	Overlapping fingerprints	PCA/MCR-ALS
	［26］	Multispectral	450‒720	5/10/20/30/40/50	Ink and inkpad fingerprints
Other physical evidence	［27］	Multispectral	400‒1000	Unfixed	Gunshot residues	PCA
	［28］	Hyperspectral	312‒800	Unfixed	Non-serial number information of PA 6 of firearms
	［29］	Hyperspectral	400‒1000	3.18	Beverage stains	SVM/CAE/VGBS
	［30］	Hyperspectral	200‒1100	Unfixed	Explosive materials
	［31］	Hyperspectral	450‒950	5	Textile fibres	1D-CNN

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Kangkang Liu, Yaping Luo. Application of Spectral Imaging Technology in Field of Forensic Science[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(4): 0400005

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