Application of Single Photon Detection in Wireless Optical Communication Transceiver Technology

Chao Wan; Hao Hao; Qingyuan Zhao; Hao Liu; Cong Li; Te Chen; Guixing Cao; Xuecou Tu; Labao Zhang; Xiaoqing Jia; Lin Kang; Jian Chen; Huabing Wang; Peiheng Wu

doi:10.3788/LOP202259.0500001

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 59, Issue 5, 0500001(2022)

Application of Single Photon Detection in Wireless Optical Communication Transceiver Technology

Chao Wan¹, Hao Hao², Qingyuan Zhao^1,2、*, Hao Liu¹, Cong Li³, Te Chen³, Guixing Cao³, Xuecou Tu^1,2, Labao Zhang^1,2, Xiaoqing Jia^1,2, Lin Kang^1,2, Jian Chen^1,2, Huabing Wang^1,2, and Peiheng Wu^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing , Jiangsu 211111, China

²Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023, China

³Institute of Telecommunication and Navigation Satellites, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China

show less

Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

Figures & Tables(22)

Fig. 1. Optical communication link between ETS-VI and ground station^[3]

Download full size

Fig. 2. Optical communication link between ARTEMIS and OICETS^[5]

Download full size

Fig. 3. Optical communication terminal on TerraSAR-X and NFIRE ^[6]

Download full size

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of coherent detection^[7]

Download full size

Fig. 5. Optical communication link of LLCD^[12]

Download full size

Fig. 6. SNSPD array used in the LLGT optical receiver^[13]

Download full size

Fig. 7. Relevant reports about DSOC. (a) Optical communication link of DSOC; (b) SNSPD array layout for the ground station; (c) free space optical coupling method^[15]

Download full size

Fig. 8. Underwater optical communication experiment of KAUST. (a) Experimental system; (b) test results of BER and communication rate^[31]

Download full size

Fig. 9. Scheme and picture of the underwater optical communication terminal of SSSUP^[33]

Download full size

Fig. 10. Underwater optical communication experimental system of US^[34]

Download full size

Fig. 11. Underwater optical communication experimental system of ZJU^[35]

Download full size

Fig. 12. Underwater optical communication experimental system using MPPC of ZJU^[40]

Download full size

Fig. 13. Underwater optical communication experimental system using SPAD of FU^[46]

Download full size

Fig. 14. Underwater optical communication experimental system based on photon counting of SIOM^[53]

Download full size

Fig. 15. High-speed series nanowire superconducting single-photon detector from Nanjing University. (a) Device structure; (b) equivalent circuit model^[56]

Download full size

Fig. 16. Simulation results between BER and average photon number based on SND and conventional SNSPD under same conditions

Download full size

Fig. 17. System diagram of single photon communication research conducted by Nanjing University and PML

Download full size

Fig. 18. Relationship between BER and photon number measured by two decoding methods at maximum communication rates based on SND

Download full size

Table 1. Summary of typical space optical communication transceiver technology

View table

Table 1. Summary of typical space optical communication transceiver technology

Year	Terminal	Wavelength /nm	Modulation	Detector	Distance /km	Communication rate /（Mb⋅s^-1）
1995	ETS-VI / TMF Ground Station	514 （up） 830 （down）	2-PPM	APD	>37000	1.024
2005	ARTEMIS / OICETS	847 （up）819 （down）	NRZ-OOK （up） 2-PPM （down）	APD	45000	50 （up） 2 （down）
2008	TerraSAR-X / NFIRE	1064 （two-way）	BPSK	Balanced detector	5000	5625
2011	HY-2 /Ground Station	-	-	-	2000	504 （down）
2013	LADEE / LLGT Ground Station	1558 （up） 1550 （down）	SCPPM	SNSPD array （ground）	400000	20 （up） 622 （down）
2016	QUESS / Ground Station	1064 （up） 1550 （down）	-	-	>1000	20 （up） 5120 （down）
2017	SJ-13 / Ground Station	-	-	-	40000	5000
Underway	Psyche / OCTL Ground station	1064 （up） 1550 （down）	SCPPM	SNSPD array （ground）	1.5×10⁷—4×10⁸	267 （down）

Table 2. Summary of the typical underwater optical communication transceiver technology

View table

Table 2. Summary of the typical underwater optical communication transceiver technology

Institution	Year	Wavelength /nm	Modulation	Detector	Distance /m	Communication rate /（Gb⋅s^-1）
KAUST	2016	450	NRZ-OOK	APD	20/12	1.5/2.0
SSSUP	2018	470	Manchester coded	APD	10	0.01
US	2019	450	QAM-OFDM	PIN	1.5/3	4.92/3.22
ZJU	2017	520	32QAM-OFDM	APD	21+5	5.5
ZJU	2018	450	DMT	APD/PIN	15/5	7.33/16.6
ZJU	2019	450	256QAM-DMT	PIN	35	12.62
ZJU	2018	460	PAM4	MPPC	2	0.012
ZJU	2019	Blue LED	PPM	MPPC	46	Mb⋅s^-1
ZJU	2019	520	32QAM-OFDM	MPPC	21	0.312
FU	2017	520	NRZ-OOK	APD/PIN	34.5	2.7
FU	2018	457	PAM8	PIN	1.2	1.5
FU	2018	521	64QAM-DMT	2 PINs	1.2	2.175
FU	2019	Blue LED	64QAM-DMT	PIN	1.2	3.075
FU	2020	450	OOK	SPAD	117	0.002
USTC	2019	450	NRZ-OOK	APD	60	2.5
USTC	2019	520	NRZ-OOK	APD	100	0.5
NTUT	2016	405	16QAM-OFDM	PD	8	9.6
NTUT	2017	488	PAM4	PIN	10	16
NTU	2017	450	16QAM-OFDM	PIN	1.7/10.2	12.4/5.6
MCUT	2019	488	PAM4	APD	12.5	30
SIOM	2018	532	256-PPM	PMT	249.2	-

Table 3. Summary of typical performances of PIN and APD based on different materials^[54]

View table

Table 3. Summary of typical performances of PIN and APD based on different materials^[54]

Parameter	Si-PIN	Si-APD	Ge-PIN	Ge-APD	InGaAs-PIN	InGaAs-APD
Wavelength /nm	400—1100		800—1800		900—1700
Peak /nm	900	830	1550	1300	1300 （1550）	1300 （1550）
Responsivity /（A⋅W^-1）	0.6	77—130	0.65—0.7	3—28	0.63—0.8 （0.75—0.97）
Quantum efficiency /%	65—90	77	50—55	55—75	60—70	60—70
Gain	1	150—250	1	5—40	1	10—30
Bias voltage /（-V）	45—100	220	6—10	20—35	5	<30
Dark current /nA	1—10	0.1—1.0	50—500	10—500	1—20	1—5
Capacitance /pF	1.2—3	1.3—2	2—5	2—5	0.5—2	0.5
Rise time /ns	0.5—1	0.1—2	0.1—0.5	0.5—0.8	0.06—0.5	0.1—0.5

Table 4. Summary of the typical performances of different single photon detectors^[55]

View table

Table 4. Summary of the typical performances of different single photon detectors^[55]

Detector	Wavelength /nm	Efficiency /%	Maximum count rate /（10⁶ s^-1）	Dark count /（10³ s^-1）	Jitter /ps
GaAsP PMT	550—650	40	10	<10	80
InP/InGaAs PMT	950—1700	2	-	250	400
Si SPAD	820	55	1	<0.1	20
InGaAs SPAD	1310	45	197	12	140
SNSPD	1550	>90	25	<0.01	<5

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Chao Wan, Hao Hao, Qingyuan Zhao, Hao Liu, Cong Li, Te Chen, Guixing Cao, Xuecou Tu, Labao Zhang, Xiaoqing Jia, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Huabing Wang, Peiheng Wu. Application of Single Photon Detection in Wireless Optical Communication Transceiver Technology[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(5): 0500001

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Reviews

Received: Jun. 24, 2021

Accepted: Sep. 8, 2021

Published Online: Feb. 22, 2022

The Author Email: Zhao Qingyuan (qyzhao@nju.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP202259.0500001

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Summary of typical space optical communication transceiver technology

Table 1. Summary of typical space optical communication transceiver technology

Table 2. Summary of the typical underwater optical communication transceiver technology

Table 2. Summary of the typical underwater optical communication transceiver technology

Table 3. Summary of typical performances of PIN and APD based on different materials[54]

Table 3. Summary of typical performances of PIN and APD based on different materials[54]

Table 4. Summary of the typical performances of different single photon detectors[55]

Table 4. Summary of the typical performances of different single photon detectors[55]

Table 3. Summary of typical performances of PIN and APD based on different materials^[54]

Table 3. Summary of typical performances of PIN and APD based on different materials^[54]

Table 4. Summary of the typical performances of different single photon detectors^[55]

Table 4. Summary of the typical performances of different single photon detectors^[55]