Fig. 1. Schematic of OSC description operator construction

Fig. 2. Feature histogram extracted by OSC descriptor. (a) Marking point 1; (b) marking point 2; (c) marking point 3

Fig. 3. Schematic of imposing edge continuity constraint

Fig. 4. Flow chart of algorithm implementation

Fig. 5. Simulation shape point sets under turbulence clutter scene. (a) Original image; (b) shape simultaneously degraded by rotation and deformation; (c) turbulence clutter degraded by deformation, outliers, and rotation; (d) strong turbulence clutter shapes degraded by deformation, outliers, and rotation

Fig. 6. Long distance imaging data. (a)(b) Image data in turbulent clutter scene; (c)(d) manual model shape point set of personal car and truck

Fig. 7. Average matching error and the experimental parameters

Fig. 8. Matching results of proposed method for deformable target ‘Fish’ in turbulent clutter scene. (a) Target matching results in both turbulent noise and rotating scene; (b) target matching results in turbulent noise scene

Fig. 9. Matching results of different methods for non-grid deformable target ‘Fu’ in turbulent clutter scene. (a) APM method ^[5]; (b) IDSC method^[8]; (c) proposed method

Fig. 10. Matching results of different methods for grid deformable target ‘personal car’ in actual outfield turbulence clutter scene. (a) Acquired image and enlarged target; (b) contour shape point set target obtained by method in Ref.[19]; (c) APM method ^[5]; (d) IDSC method^[8]; (e) proposed method

Fig. 11. Matching results of different methods for grid deformable target ‘truck’ in actual outfield turbulence clutter scene. (a) Acquired image; (b) contour shape point set target obtained by method in Ref.[19]; (c) APM method ^[5]; (d) IDSC method^[8]; (e) proposed method