Fig. 1. Schematic of polarization holography. (a) Recording process of the polarization hologram; (b) process of reconstructed lightwave generated by the polarization hologram

Fig. 2. Schematic of experimental light path for fabricating a circular polarization generator^[48]

Fig. 3. Fabrication process of a right circular polarization generator by p_- polarization light as the reference light, depicting s and p₊ components of the reconstructed light, respectively, and the upper right figures are the verification results of polarization handedness during faithful reconstruction^[48]. (a) Reading light is s polarization light; (b) reading light is p_- polarization light; (c) reading light is s+ip_-; (d) reading light is s-ip_-

Fig. 4. Schematic of polarization beam splitter^[49]. (a) Schematic of polarization beam splitter preparation process; (b) schematic of functional realization of polarization beam splitter

Fig. 5. Reading waves are linear polarization light^[49]. (a) Normalized diffraction efficiency of two reconstructed light with p and s polarized reconstruction light varies with polarization angle of reading light; (b) corresponding extinction ratio varies with polarization angle of reading light

Fig. 6. Principle of generating vector beam

Fig. 7. Experimental setup for fabricating vector beam generator^[51]

Fig. 8. Results of generating vector beams^[51]. (a) α=0; (b) α=π/4; (c) α=π/2; (d) α=3π/4

Fig. 9. Experimental setup for the preparation of vortex half-wave plates^[52]

Fig. 10. Interference patterns of reconstruction waves with different topological charges^[52].(a) Left-handed circular polarization reading light, m=0.5; (b) right-handed circular polarization reading light, m=0.5; (c) left-handed circular polarization reading light, m=1; (d) right-handed circular polarization reading light, m=1

Fig. 11. Experimental setup for generating vector vortex beams using an equivalent spiral half-wave plate^[53]

Fig. 12. Vector vortex beams generated by a higher-order Poincaré sphere (l=0, p=1) ^[53]

Fig. 13. Vector vortex beams produced by a hybrid Poincaré sphere (l=2, p=-1)^[53]

Fig. 14. Schematic of the experiment for preparing a circular polarization light detector^[54]

Fig. 15. Diffracted images and intensity illuminated by various reading wave^[54]. (a) 0°; (b) 15°; (c) 30°; (d) 45°; (e) 60°; (f) 75°; (g) 90°; (h) 105°; (i) 120°; (j) 135°; (k) 150°; (l) 165°

Fig. 16. Schematic of the polarization detector^[55]. (a) Fabrication process; (b) polarization detection process

Fig. 17. Recording process of four polarization holograms^[55]. (a) Polarization hologram l resembles a polarizer of transmission axis at 0°; (b) polarization hologram 2 resembles a polarizer of transmission axis at 45°; (c) polarization hologram 3 resembles a polarizer of transmission axis at 90°; (d) polarization hologram 4 resembles the combination of a QWP with fast axis at 45° and a polarizer of transmission axis at 0°

Fig. 18. Detection results of Stokes parameters for arbitrary polarization light^[55]. (a) Reading light with different polarization states; (b) variations in the intensities of four reconstructed light with polarization state of reading light; (c) representation of the measured polarization states of reading light and their theoretical values on the Poincaré sphere