Fig. 1. Theoretical model of electro-optic modulator

Fig. 2. Transmission spectrum of the theoretical model

Fig. 3. Working principle of electro-optic modulation and MDM integrated device

Fig. 4. Three-dimensional schematic diagram of electro-optic modulation and MDM integrated device

Fig. 5. Structural diagrams of electro-optic modulator

Fig. 6. The change in effective index and transmission spectrum

Fig. 7. 3 dB bandwidth of the modulator

Fig. 8. Insertion loss and ∆λ versus the radii of the holes

Fig. 9. Three-dimensional schematic diagram and effective index

Fig. 10. Transmission spectrum incident from different ports

Fig. 11. Insertion loss and crosstalk versus the widths of the multi-mode waveguides

Fig. 12. Transmission spectrum of the integrated device

Fig. 13. System response time of the integrated device

Fig. 14. Field distribution of the integrated device