Fig. 1. Experimental schematic of liquid crystal lens polarizer-free imaging. (a) Voltage is off; (b) voltage is on

Fig. 2. Signals. (a) Original signal; (b) sharpening signal

Fig. 3. Liquid crystal lens structure

Fig. 4. Electrode structure used in the experiment

Fig. 5. Interference device

Fig. 6. Interference fringes under different lenses. (a) Positive lens; (b) negative lens

Fig. 7. Characteristic curves of RMS and focal power of liquid crystal lens changed with voltage

Fig. 8. Schematic of experimental setup. (a) Polarizer-free; (b) polarizer-added

Fig. 9. Image collected in the experiment

Fig. 10. f_MTF50 changed with voltage

Fig. 11. Unmodulated and modulated images. (a) Unmodulated image Ir; (b) modulated image If

Fig. 12. PFI images with different α. (a) Unmodulated image; (b) α=0.4; (c) α=0.6; (d) α=0.7

Fig. 13. Edge detection results

Fig. 14. Plot of ideal α vs. real α

Fig. 15. Physical set

Fig. 16. Actual images. (a) Unmodulated image; (b) modulated image; (c) PFI image whenα=0.60