Fig. 1. BICs metaphotonic biosensors for different platforms. (a) Metallic BICs^[59]; (b) all-dielectric BICs^[60]; (c) hybrid metal‒dielectric BICs^[61]; (d) microfluidic BICs^[62]

Fig. 2. Basic concepts and classification of BICs. (a) Basis for categorizing symmetry-protected BICs and accidental BICs^[55]; (b) multipole interpretation of BICs^[96]; (c) relationship between Q and asymmetry parameter in symmetry-protected BICs^[99]

Fig. 3. Metallic BICs biosensors. (a) Metallic terahertz BICs metasurfaces for IL-6 detection^[107]; (b) dual-QBICs enabled plasmonic refractive index sensors^[59]; (c) metallic plasmonic BICs metasurfaces for tuning the coupling states between light and matter^[79]

Fig. 4. All-dielectric BICs biosensors. (a) All-dielectric BICs for ultrasensitive refractive index sensing^[126]; (b) microimaging-based molecular absorption fingerprinting of all-dielectric pixelated BICs sensor^[78]; (c) BICs biosensor based on gradient metasurface^[128]; (d) CD signal enhanced by BICs metasurface^[138]

Fig. 5. Hybrid metal‍‒‍dielectric BICs biosensors. (a) Hybrid tetrameric BICs metasurface for ultrasensitive biosensing^[145]; (b) hybrid dimeric BICs metasurface for enhancing chiral sensing^[61]

Fig. 6. Microfluidic BICs biosensors. (a) Imaging-based microfluidic BICs sensor used to detect extracellular vesicles^[146]; (b) artificial intelligence used to analyze biomolecular changes in real time^[62]