Fig. 1. Simulated example of GMN amplification. (a) Spectra and (c) pulse shapes at selected fiber locations. Evolution characteristics of (b) spectrum and (d) pulse profile along the fiber length

Fig. 2. Simulated example of GMN amplification. (a) Peak power versus propagation distance; (b) Autocorrelation trace of the compressed pulse

Fig. 3. Evolution of the GMN amplification with different seed parameters. (a) Spectra and (b) pulse shapes of the GMN amplification output at different center wavelengths; (c) Spectra and (d) pulse shapes at different spectral bandwidths in GMN amplification

Fig. 4. Simulated example of the Er-doped fiber GMN amplification. The output (a) spectra and (c) pulse shapes before and after the amplification; Evolution characteristics of the (b) spectrum and (d) pulse profile along fiber length

Fig. 5. Experimental demonstration of a single-mode fiber GMN amplifier. (a) Measured (blue solid curve) and simulated (red dashed curve) output spectra for increasing pump power (labeled with the output energies); (b) Compressed pulse (blue solid curve) and transform-limited pulse (red dashed curve). Insets in (b) show measured and retrieved FROG traces ^[36]

Fig. 6. Experimental (red) and simulated (blue) spectra for different pulse energies generation from the LMA gain fiber GMN amplification ^[40]

Fig. 7. Experimental setup of the GMN amplification system based on Yb-doped LMA tapered fiber^[45]

Fig. 8. The characteristics with the output power increase of the tapered fiber GMN amplification based on backward pumping. (a) Spectra; (b) Autocorrelation traces of the de-chirped pulse ^[45]

Fig. 9. The correlation of STD and pump power in the GMN amplifier. (a) Output energy and beam quality vary with pump power; (b)-(e) Output mode-resolved pulses at distinct pump power, M1-M5 refer to LP01, LP11 a, LP11 b, LP21 a, and LP21 b modes, respectively; (f) STD process in the GMN amplifier ^[48]

Fig. 10. Plasmid labeled, fixed Hela cell imaged sequentially using a GMN amplifier at excitation wavelength slices of 1 025, 1 050,1 075,1 100 nm ^[52]

Fig. 11. The SHG/THG/2 PEF/3 PEF imaging and the corresponding H&E-stained image of normal lung tissue ^[53]

Fig. 12. Experimental design of the birefringence phase matched fiber OPCPA ^[54]

Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of the 1064 nm femtosecond fiber CPA laser system based on GMN amplifier ^[55]