Fig. 1. Crystal structure and energy band of TIs^{［10，49］}

Fig. 2. Structure images of TIs under several fabrication methods^{［24，44，57，70，73-74，77-78］}

Fig. 3. Z-scan experiments and saturable absorption properties of TIs^［79-80］

Fig. 4. High harmonic generation in THz of TIs^［87］

Fig. 5. Optical-electric properties and hyperbolic characteristic of TIs^{［50， 92-94］}

Fig. 6. Principle and experiments of Q-switching pulse laser based on TI^{［24，116］}

Fig. 7. Principle and experiments of mode-lock pulse laser based on TI saturable absorber^［121］

Fig. 8. Phase-change memory and optical switch/router based on TIs^{［42，54］}

Fig. 9. Optical modulators based on TIs^{［46，47］}

Fig. 10. Photodetectors based on TIs^［33］