Classification of Cigarette Cases by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Combined with Differential Raman Spectroscopy

Label	Brand	Series	Label	Brand	Series
1	Mount Tai	Cigar	21	Mountain Changbai	777
2	Yellow Crane Tower	World famous building	22	Yellow Crane Tower	Hard elegant fragrant gold
3	Lotus King	Hard branchlets	23	Golden Leaf	JinmanTang
4	Good cat	Changle	24	Overseas new Peony	Vietnam
5	Golden Leaf	Golden Eye	25	Diamonds	Good luck
6	Nanjing	95 supreme	26	Lotus	Lotus
7	Nanjing	Riverstones	27	Longyan	Red pine
8	Good cat	Long changle	28	Great Hall of the People	Royal Orchid
9	Nanjing	Jinling twelve hairpins	29	ESSE	Change double
10	Tianzi	Gold	30	Nanjing	Grand View Garden
11	Longyan	Auspicious sign	31	Camel	Star anize hard yellow
12	Mount Huangshan	New concept of Huishang	32	Liqun	Long mouth
13	Yuxi	Sub branch 108	33	Zhonghua	Double middle branches
14	Mount Huangshan	Red square seal	34	Jinsheng	Tengwangge purple light
15	Diamonds	Flos Nelumbinis	35	Mount Hongta	Hard classic 1956
16	Yellow Crane Tower	Hard Canyon	36	Yellow Crane Tower	Hard Canyon tender
17	Mount Huangshan	Middle red square seal	37	Lanzhou	Hard treasures
18	Mount Hongta	Hard classic 100	38	Lanzhou	Fine treasures
19	Yuxi	Hard	39	Marlboro	White golden
20	Golden Leaf	Tianye

Table 2. Classification results of samples using hierarchical clustering

View table

Table 2. Classification results of samples using hierarchical clustering

Classification	Label
Ⅰ	1，4，5，10，13，17，18，19，21，23，25，30，31，33，35，37，38，39
Ⅱ	2，3，6，7，8，9，11，12，14，15，20，27，28，34
Ⅲ	16，22，29，32，36
Ⅳ	24
Ⅴ	26

Table 3. Total variance interpretation

View table

Table 3. Total variance interpretation

Component	Initial eigenvalue			Extraction sum of squared loadings
Component	Total	Variance /%	Cumulative value /%	Total	Variance /%	Cumulative value /%
1	610.234	26.954	26.954	610.234	26.954	26.954
2	290.041	12.811	39.765	290.041	12.811	39.765
$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$
13	44.159	1.95	88.921	44.159	1.95	88.921
14	37.45	1.654	90.575	37.45	1.654	90.575

Table 4. Classification results of samples using K-Means clustering

View table

Table 4. Classification results of samples using K-Means clustering

Classification	Label
Ⅰ-1	18
Ⅰ-2	5，23
Ⅰ-3	1，13，17，19，30，31，33，35，37，38
Ⅰ-4	10
Ⅰ-5	4，21，25，39
Ⅱ-1	2，3，8，20，34
Ⅱ-2	14，15，27
Ⅱ-3	6，7，9，11，12
Ⅱ-4	28
Ⅲ	16，22，29，32，36
Ⅳ	24
Ⅴ	26

Table 5. Canonical discriminant function coefficients

View table

Table 5. Canonical discriminant function coefficients

Element	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄
Constant	-6.993	-11.214	-5.315	3.815
Cl	-0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000
Ca	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Ti	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fe	0.000	0.001	-0.001	0.001
Cu	0.000	0.001	-0.001	0.003
Zn	0.000	0.000	-0.004	0.001
Cd	0.040	-0.009	0.056	-0.054
Sn	-0.016	-0.011	0.044	-0.054
Sb	0.026	0.002	-0.007	-0.001
Hg	0.018	-0.017	-0.019	-0.030

Table 6. Eigenvalues of discriminant functions
View table
Table 6. Eigenvalues of discriminant functions
Function Eigenvalue Variance /% Cumulative value /% Canonical correlation
Y₁ 12.566^a 52.3 52.3 0.962
Y₂ 10.883^a 45.3 97.6 0.957
Y₃ 0.428^a 1.8 99.4 0.548
Y₄ 0.150^a 0.6 100 0.361

Table 7. Wilks' λ
View table
Table 7. Wilks' λ
Test of functions Wilks'λ Chi-square df Sig.
1 through 4 0.004 170.161 40 0
2 through 4 0.051 90.63 27 0
3 through 4 0.609 15.14 16 0.514
4 0.869 4.267 7 0.749

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Runzhou Lu, Hong Jiang, Ji Man, Juan Chen, Bin Duan, Feng Liu. Classification of Cigarette Cases by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Combined with Differential Raman Spectroscopy[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(5): 0530003

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites