Research status and prospects of satellite-shore-based integrated network technology for remotely-controlled ships

Xinjue HU; Qi LI; Jialun LIU; Yunlong ZHOU; Nan LIN; Shijie LI

doi:10.19693/j.issn.1673-3185.04264

Chinese Journal of Ship Research, Volume. 20, Issue 1, 15(2025)

Research status and prospects of satellite-shore-based integrated network technology for remotely-controlled ships

Xinjue HU1...2,3,4, Qi LI1,5, Jialun LIU1,2,3,4, Yunlong ZHOU1,5, Nan LIN1,5, and Shijie LI15 |Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety (Wuhan University of Technology), Wuhan, 430063, China

²East Lake Laboratory, Wuhan 420202, China

³Intelligent Transportation Systems Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

⁴National Engineering Research Center for Water Transportation Safety, Wuhan 430063, China

⁵School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

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Figures & Tables(5)

Fig. 1. [in Chinese]

Fig. 2. [in Chinese]

Table 1. Existing technologies for shore-based network communication

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Table 1. Existing technologies for shore-based network communication

系统	频谱	带宽	数据吞吐量	通信范围	成本说明
802.11p - ITS	5.9 GHz	10 MHz	27 Mbit/s	<1 km	无流量资费包含设施建设维护成本
WiFi	2.4/5/6 GHz	20/40/80/160/320 MHz	500 Mbit/s～5 Gbit/s	通常小于100 m，在有固定服务时可达10 km	无流量资费/包含设施建设维护成本
LTE/4G	450.0 MHz～3.7 GHz	1.4～20.0 MHz	上传：75 Mbit/s下载：300 Mbit/s3 Gbit/s (LTE-A Pro)	通常小于2 km，高增益定向天线可达30～50 km	适中
5G	毫米波: 24.0～43.5 GHz低频段: 700/900 MHz	3 GHz30～100 MHz	20 Gbit/s1 Gbit/s	毫米波: 1～3 km低频段: 10～30 km	偏高
VHF	30～300 MHz	25 kHz，可捆绑多个VHF信道提升带宽	船−船或船−岸最高可达307 kbit/s，卫星链路最高可达240 kbit/s	最高可达85 km	较低（终端成本）
HF	3～30 MHz	最高48 kHz	240 kbit/s	1000～3000 km	较低（终端成本）

Table 2. Existing technologies for satellite network communication

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Table 2. Existing technologies for satellite network communication

系统	频谱	带宽	数据吞吐量	通信范围	成本
Global Xpress	上行链路：27.5～31.0 GHz下行链路：17.7～21.2 GHz	2.5 GHz	上行速率：5 Mbit/s下行速率：50 Mbit/s	全球覆盖	昂贵
天通一号系统	上行链路：1980～2010 MHz下行链路：2170～2200 MHz	30.0 MHz	9.6 kbit/s	重点覆盖中国及周边、中东、非洲等地区	昂贵
北斗卫星短报文系统	上行链路：27.5 ～31.0 GHz下行链路：17.7～21.2 GHz	−	233 bit/s	全球覆盖	偏高
Starlink	上行链路：14.0～14.5 GHz下行链路：10.7～12.7 GHz	240.0 MHz	V1.0：17 Gbit/sV2.0：100 Gbit/s	全球覆盖（部分区域缺乏地面站支持）	偏高
Iridium	上行链路：29.1～29.3 GHz下行链路：19.4～19.6 GHz	10.5 MHz	4.7 kbit/s	全球覆盖	昂贵
Globalstar	上行链路：1 610.0 ～1 626.5 MHz下行链路：2 483.5～2 500.0 MHz	16.5 MHz	38 kbit/s	全球大部分区域	昂贵

Table 3. Estimated data rate requirements

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Table 3. Estimated data rate requirements

数据类型	单个文件大小/kB	更新频次/Hz	压缩比特率/Mbit/s
红外线	<400	1.0～10.0	<1.000
高清视频（HD）	<3000	2.0～25.0	0.200～10.000
光探测与测距（LiDAR）	<200 000	1.0	<2.000
控制数据	<10	1.0	0.001～0.010
机械传感器	<20	<1.0	<0.010
AIS	<400	0.4	0.100
GMDSS	<10	多种	0.010

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Xinjue HU, Qi LI, Jialun LIU, Yunlong ZHOU, Nan LIN, Shijie LI. Research status and prospects of satellite-shore-based integrated network technology for remotely-controlled ships[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2025, 20(1): 15

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