Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 14, 1411003(2023)

Study on Lock-In Imaging Technology Expansion for Background Light Elimination

Zhenzhen Hu, Hanming Liu*, Zi Li, Zenan Li, Gang Guo, and Shen Sima
Author Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
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    Figures & Tables(18)
    Framework of lock-in imaging technology
    Schematic of image sampling time. (a) Equal interval sampling; (b) unequal interval sampling
    Light modulating system (scene 1)
    Flowchart of image acquisition (dotted and solid lines represent PC and MCU, respectively)
    Flowchart of image phase discrimination
    Curve of current-light intensity (DAC is the input value of the digital-to-analog converter corresponding to the current)
    Fitting of current-light intensity (solid is the fitting line)
    Examples of lighting patterns
    Unnormalized pixel mean of background light removed image. (a) Scene 1; (b) scene 2
    Eliminating background light by LED lock-in imaging. (a) Brightness-enhanced image with background light; (b) image without background light; (c) image of eliminated background light without normalization; (d) image of eliminated background light
    Results of eliminated background light by sine modulation
    Results of eliminated background light by square modulation
    Results of eliminated background light by triangular modulation
    Results of eliminated background light by sawtooth modulation
    Images processed by different methods. (a) Brightness-enhanced image with background light; (b) brightness-enhanced image of eliminated background light by bilateral filtering; (c) image of eliminated background light by HDR imaging; (d) image of eliminated background light by lock-in imaging technology based on LED
    • Table 1. Average running time of phase discrimination

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      Table 1. Average running time of phase discrimination

      Modulation waveformN=2N=4N=8N=16N=32N=64N=128N=256N=512
      Sine0.540.620.761.522.755.2210.2921.2340.95
      Square0.420.540.831.442.514.9110.3421.3841.69
      Triangular0.450.570.801.452.675.2210.7721.4240.34
      Sawtooth0.400.550.811.502.625.0110.0720.7039.36
    • Table 2. SSIM of eliminated background light image to image without/with background light

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      Table 2. SSIM of eliminated background light image to image without/with background light

      Modulation waveformSceneN=2N=4N=8N=16N=32N=64N=128N=256N=512
      Sine1

      0.23

      (0.06)

      0.86

      (0.09)

      0.93

      (0.11)

      0.95

      (0.11)

      0.96

      (0.11)

      0.95

      (0.12)

      0.96

      (0.11)

      0.98

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      2

      0.13

      (0.05)

      0.93

      (0.50)

      0.96

      (0.53)

      0.96

      (0.54)

      0.96

      (0.55)

      0.95

      (0.56)

      0.96

      (0.55)

      0.95

      (0.56)

      0.94

      (0.58)

      Square1

      0.92

      (0.10)

      0.95

      (0.12)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      0.93

      (0.11)

      0.94

      (0.11)

      0.95

      (0.11)

      0.95

      (0.11)

      0.95

      (0.11)

      0.96

      (0.12)

      2

      0.94

      (0.50)

      0.93

      (0.47)

      0.94

      (0.55)

      0.95

      (0.53)

      0.96

      (0.53)

      0.95

      (0.54)

      0.95

      (0.55)

      0.95

      (0.55)

      0.95

      (0.55)

      Triangular1

      0.90

      (0.12)

      0.50

      (0.13)

      0.90

      (0.10)

      0.96

      (0.11)

      0.96

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      2

      0.90

      (0.49)

      0.60

      (0.29)

      0.95

      (0.53)

      0.97

      (0.54)

      0.96

      (0.57)

      0.96

      (0.57)

      0.95

      (0.57)

      0.95

      (0.57)

      0.95

      (0.58)

      Sawtooth1

      0.79

      (0.08)

      0.89

      (0.09)

      0.93

      (0.10)

      0.95

      (0.10)

      0.96

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      0.97

      (0.11)

      0.98

      (0.11)

      2

      0.89

      (0.55)

      0.93

      (0.55)

      0.93

      (0.58)

      0.95

      (0.57)

      0.95

      (0.56)

      0.95

      (0.56)

      0.95

      (0.59)

      0.95

      (0.58)

      0.94

      (0.59)

    • Table 3. Resolution of the resulting image

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      Table 3. Resolution of the resulting image

      Modulation waveformN=2N=4N=8N=16N=32N=64N=128N=256N=512
      Average107.94109.05107.00105.46109.77113.77104.78118.60105.16
      Sine109.57119.01103.27100.00116.13114.31107.47119.15107.04
      Square108.90105.92108.14107.37102.40105.75102.58113.75102.45
      Triangular106.01105.52103.54107.30116.83119.25102.86122.23105.52
      Sawtooth107.28105.76113.07107.18103.71115.76106.23119.26105.64
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    Zhenzhen Hu, Hanming Liu, Zi Li, Zenan Li, Gang Guo, Shen Sima. Study on Lock-In Imaging Technology Expansion for Background Light Elimination[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(14): 1411003

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    Paper Information

    Category: Imaging Systems

    Received: Jul. 25, 2022

    Accepted: Sep. 13, 2022

    Published Online: Jul. 17, 2023

    The Author Email: Liu Hanming (lhmgzjx@163.com)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP222147

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